Boogie, Swing and R&B Roots of Rock – 4

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Required Listening Clarence “Pinetop” Smith—Pinetop’s Boogie Woogie (original 1928) Joe Turner & Pete Johnson—Roll ‘em, Pete (1938) Louis Jordan Caldonia (1945) Choo Choo Ch’Boogie (1946) Roy Milton—Milton’s Boogie (1945) Nat “King” Cole—Route 66 (1946) Wynonie Harris—Good Rockin’ Tonight (1947) Ruth Brown—Mama, He Treats Your Daughter Mean (1953) Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton—Hound Dog (1953) Jackie Brenston with Ike Turner—Rocket 88 (1951) Little Junior Parker—Mystery Train (1953) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Supplemental Video Big Joe Turner—Shake Rattle & Roll (3:20) Louis Armstrong—When the Saints Go Marchin’ In (4:17) Count Basie—Jumpin’ At the Woodside (1:59) Duke Ellington—Rockin’ in Rhythm (Timex TV show, 1959) (3:00) Benny Goodman—Sing, Sing, Sing (excerpt; Hollywood Hotel, 1937) (2:11) Glenn Miller—In the Mood (2:56) Dizzy Gillespie—Salt Peanuts (1947) (3:55) Dizzy Gillespie & Charlie Parker—Hot House (1951) (4:21) John Coltrane—My Favorite Things (Baden-Baden, W Germany, 1961) (10:35) Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five—Caldonia (2:47) Louis Jordan—Jack, You’re Dead (1946) (2:22) Nat “King” Cole quartet—Route 66 (3:05) Nat “King” Cole—The Christmas Song (1:54) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Rock & Roll Hall of Fame First Inductees, Early Influences Robert Johnson King of the Delta Blues Father of Rock & Roll Jimmie Rodgers Father of Country Music Jimmy Yancey Father of Boogie-Woogie Solidified the style in the 1920s Did not make recordings of his own until 1939 Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Boogie-Woogie Origins obscure Thought to have started in the saloons around the lumber and turpentine camps in Texas & Louisiana in the early 1900s Urban base in Chicago First recorded there In constant demand for bars and “rent parties,” which raised cash for both the piano player and the landlord Piano version of 12-bar blues, derived from blues guitar styles, church piano styles, & ragtime & barrelhouse styles of New Orleans pianists Emphasized dance beat & rhythm, not lyrics and personal expression—good-time music Pounding dance rhythms, driving left-hand bass patterns, fancy right hand flourishes, 8 to the bar Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Boogie-Woogie Fad “Spirituals to Swing,” two Carnegie Hall concerts (1938 & 1939) Watershed point for black music in America Included Big Bill Broonzy (sub for Robert Johnson), Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Kansas City Six (inc. Count Basie & Lester Young), Big Joe Turner Also, Boogie-woogie pianists Pete Johnson, Albert Ammons Meade Lux Lewis, and others Boogie pianists ignited the crase, from café society, to records, to sheet music, to popular white entertainers (like the Andrews Sisters’ Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Big Joe Turner & Pete Johnson b. 1911, Kansas City, d. 1985 Never reached the rock & roll market Featured together in the “Spirituals to Swing” concerts Music captured the spirit of their hometown Combination of shout blues with upbeat boogie-woogie Turner was a star with white teenagers briefly in 1954 with Shake, Rattle & Roll – until Bill Haley recorded it Big Joe Turner & Pete Johnson listening Roll ‘Em Pete Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Big Joe Turner Shake, Rattle & Roll (3:20) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Louis Armstrong & Dixieland Louis Armstrong listening Muskrat Ramble Shine Mahogany Hall Stomp Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Louis Armstrong & Dixieland When the Saints Go Marchin’ In (4:17) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Big Band Swing Boogie-woogie turned jazz into swing music, putting the R in R & B Dixieland jazz combos gave way to bigger bands & dance music Big band swing was pop music by the late 1930s Helped along by the diminishing effects of the Depression and the repeal of Prohibition (21st Amendement, 1933) Adopted by white audiences and artists Paul Whitehead (“King of Jazz” in the 1920s) Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey Benny Goodman (“King of Swing”) Goodman was aware of racial bias and lead the fight to integrate jazz He was encouraged in this by “Spirituals to Swing” producer and talent scout John Hammond (who promoted Goodman, Count Basie, Billie Holiday, Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Aretha Franklin, and Stevie Ray Vaughan) Evenly-stressed 4-to-the-bar (not Dixieland “oom-pah”) with a walking bass (which could be doubled to 8-to-the-bar Boogie-woogie) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Big Band Swing Count Basie Jumpin’ At the Woodside (1:59) Sal Nistico, tenor sax Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Big Band Swing Duke Ellington Rockin’ in Rhythm (1959) (3:00) Timex TV show; Jackie Gleason, host with Louis Armstrong Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Big Band Swing Benny Goodman Sing, Sing, Sing (excerpt) (2:11) Hollywood Hotel (1937) – Harry James, trumpet; Gene Krupa, drums Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Big Band Swing Glenn Miller In the Mood (2:56) Tex Beneke, tenor sax Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Post-War Jazz Big bands (swing) died out during World War II Members of bands served in war Touring & recording nearly impossible due to the rationing of tires, gas, shellac, etc. Wartime taxes forced clubs to close or to only be able to pay smaller groups Musicians’ union recording ban in 1942-43 against jukeboxes and prerecorded radio broadcasts Musicians were tired of strict arrangements & the individual anonymity of big bands (ego?) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Post-War Jazz What replaced swing? Bebop Pioneered by Charlie Parker & Dizzy Gillespie Jazz left the ballrooms and entered intimate clubs People listened to bebop’s complex rhythms & melodies Jump blues Straightforward music with a big dance beat (& some ballads) Designated “ballad singers” and “shouters” Rhythm section with a couple of horns Hard-driving riffs, solos over blues progressions, boogie bass & beat Little finesse, lots of energy Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Post-War Jazz—Bebop Dizzy Gillespie Salt Peanuts (1947) (3:55) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Post-War Jazz—Bebop Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker Hot House (1951) (4:21) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Post-War Jazz—Bebop John Coltrane My Favorite Things (10:35) Baden-Baden, W Germany, 1961 Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Louis Jordan b. 1908, Brinkley, AR Most popular jump blues bandleader of the 1940s Played alto sax in several NYC based big bands before starting his streamlined “Tympani Five” (with 6-8 players) in 1938 Crowd-pleasing act with upbeat novelty-style numbers (like Cab Calloway) Great showman Influenced Bill Haley & Chuck Berry (Jordan’s guitar player, Carl Hogan, influenced his opening riffs) Successful in part because he recorded for a major label (Decca) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Jump Blues Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five Caldonia (2:47) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Jump Blues Louis Jordan Jack, You’re Dead (1946) (2:22) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Majors and Indies Few black artists recorded for large record labels (“Majors”) pre-1950 Louis Jordan, The Mills Brothers and The Ink Spots recorded for Decca Nat King Cole recorded for Capitol Majors lost interest in the black market after declining sales during the Depression Small independent labels (“Indies”) filled the market These formed a grassroots network that was the basis for rock & roll—and took a bite of the Majors’ profits Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Club Blues Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Nat “King” Cole b. 1919, Montgomery, AL d. 1965 (lung cancer) One of the first black artists to achieve widespread popularity with white listeners His trio pioneered the soft “club blues” style in California Smooth jazz piano playing, light bass, brushed drums More popular with white audiences than black Dragged from the stage and savagely beaten during a 1956 concert in Birmingham, AL Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Club Blues Nat “King” Cole (quartet) Route 66 (3:05) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Club Blues Nat “King” Cole The Christmas Song (1:54) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Charles Brown Please Come Home for Christmas^ Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Curtis Mayfield & Ace Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Rocket 88 Rocket 88 (Jackie Brenston & His Delta Kings, with Ike Turner) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Johnny Otis (Hand Jive) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Mystery Train Little Junior Parker (1953) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Big Joe Turner Roll ‘em Pete (w/Pete Johnson, 1938) Shake Rattle & Roll (1954) Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Bull Moose Johnson Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Dinah Washington Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker

Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker Mama & Hound Dog Roots of Rock - 4 - Boogie, Swing and R&B - K. Baker