SCINTILLATING DIGITAL HADRON CALORIMETER STATUS AND PLANS ALEXANDRE DYCHKANT FOR NICADD/NIU AND UIC Northern Illinois University (DeKalb, IL 60115) 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: PLOT 1. AN ENERGY RESOLUTION PLOT 2. NUMBER OF HITS VS. ENERGY PICTURE 1. A PROTOTYPE OF SDHCAL PICTURE 2. AN EXTRUDER AND DIE COSMIC STAND SCHEMATIC PICTURE 3. COSMIC STAND PICTURE 4. AN ARRAY ASSEMBLY WITH HOUSING PLOT 3. A DISTRIBUTION OF OUTPUT SIGNAL COSMIC MEASUREMENTS WITH H8711 PROTOTYPE OF SDHCAL PICTURE 5. A STACK ASSEMBLY AND ARRAYS VIEWS PLOT 4. QUALITY CONTROL FOR STACK CELLS COATING/WRAPPING OF CELLS, GEOM ETRY PLOT 5. CELLS RESPONSES TABLE 1. CELLS RESPONSES OPTICAL CROSSTALK BETWEEN CELLS PICTURE 6. CELL’S SCANNER VIEWS PLANS SUMMARY. 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP INTRODUCTION In order to get the most out of the potential anticipated from a future e+e- Linear Collider (LC) the di-jet mass must be measured to a precision of about 3 GeV, or, in terms of jet energy resolution, σ(E)=0.3√E, [E in GeV]. Now the most promising way to achieve such resolution is through energy flow algorithms (EFA). Excellent energy flow calorimeter must be finely segmented both transversely and longitudinally for 3D shower reconstruction, so in strong magnetic field hits initiated by charged particles can be separated from those initiated by neutral particles. As a possible solution, our group at the Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development (NICADD) has undertaken a comprehensive feasibility study of a finely segmented scintillating sampling hadron calorimeter. The very large number of readout channels pose a significant challenge in the form of complexity and cost. Reducing the dynamic range of readout is a potential solution. At the extreme, it can be a “digital” calorimeter with a one bit readout for each cell, with the threshold set to detect the passage of a minimum ionizing particle. Optical part of scintillating digital hadron calorimeter includes scintillating cells, optical fibers, and photo detectors. We are going to use an extruded scintillator to reduce the price. Fibers and photo detectors can be the most costly part of a project. 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP Energy Resolution single threshold 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP N vs. E 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP PROTOTYPE OF SDHCAL READY FOR COSMIC TEST ARRAY OF CELLS 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP Note: Die provides exact shape and dimensions of product 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

A BIG BLOCK OF PASSIVE MATERIAL (STEEL, BRASS, LEAD) COSMIC STAND TRIGGER COUNTER #1 THIS COUNTER IS UNDER INVESTIGATION A BIG BLOCK OF PASSIVE MATERIAL (STEEL, BRASS, LEAD) TRIGGER COUNTER #2 TRIGGER COUNTER #3 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP COSMIC STAND VIEW 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

ARRAY ASSEMBLY OF COSMIC STAND WITH H8711 HOUSING 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP DISTRIBUTION OF OUTPUT SIGNALS FROM H8711 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP MEASUREMENTS WITH H8711 COSMIC STAND PROVIDES TRIGGER OF PARTICLES WITH TRACKS PERPENDICULAR TO ARRAY OF CELLS; 1.5  OF MATERIAL CAN BE INSTALLED BETWEEN THE COUNTERS; WE USE VME CRATE WITH QDC V792 WITH LABVIEW DAQ EACH CELL, MADE FROM 5 MM THICK BC408 SCINTILLATOR , HAD A HEXAGONAL SHAPE WITH 3 MM DEEP SIGMA GROOVE, 9.4 CM²; KURARAY Y-11 WLS FIBER WITH MIRROR END WAS GLUED INSIDE AND SPLICED TO ~2 M LONG CLEAR FIBER Ø 0.94 MM, TOP CHART SHOWS A MIP RESPONSE, MIDDLE AND BOTTOM CHARTS SHOW THE RESPONSE OF LED SIGNALS SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED WITH FILTER TO GET SES; USING THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION THE ESTIMATED AMOUNT OF PE ARE 0.95 AND 0.6 ACCORDINGLY, MPMT SHOWS APPROXIMATELY ~10 PE. 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP PROTOTYPE OF SDHCAL FOR 3D MEASUREMENTS WITH COSMIC RAYS CELL ARRAY MATERIAL SCINTILLATOR BC408, THICKNESS 5 MM, SHAPE HEXAGON, LENGTH OF SIDES- 19 MM, AREA- 9.4 CM², GROOVE SIGMA SHAPE, RADIUS 12 MM, 25º OF CIRCLE WITHOUT GROOVE, RECTANGULAR CROSSECTION, DEPTH 4 MM, WIDTH 1 MM, DEPTH TAPERED TO EXIT, WLS FIBER BCF92, DIAMETER 0.8 MM, LENGTH- 1 M, FINISHED ENDS WITH FLY DIAMOND TECHNIQUE, ONE END AL MIRRORED, EMBEDDED AND THEN GLUED INTO THE GROOVE USING BC600 7 CELLS IN EACH, EMBEDDED INTO PLASTIC BOX WITH LID, 125 MM X 125 MM X 9MM EACH OF THEM, TWO ARRAYS CONNECTED TO ONE CMS TYPE OPTICAL CONNECTOR, FINISHED WITH FLY DIAMOND TECHNIQUE, STACK 12 ARRAYS, 6 CMS TYPE OPTICAL CONNECTORS, 6 HAMAMATSU H8711 MPMTs, 84 CHANNELS CONNECTED TO QDC, 13 LAYERS OF PASSIVE MATERIAL, 125 MM X 125 MM X 25 MM, WEIGHT ~100 POUNDS; 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP CALORIMETER PROTOTYPE ASSEMBLY AND ARRAYS VIEW 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP STACK CELLS QUALITY CONTROL FIRST MEASUREMENT OF RESPONSE OF EACH CELL WAS PERFORMED BEFORE GLUING FIBERS INTO OPTICAL CONNECTOR; IT WAS DONE AT FERMILAB SECOND MEASUREMENT OF RESPONSE OF EACH CELL WAS PERFORMED USING SCANNER; IT WAS DONE AT NIU 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CELLS RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT COATING/WRAPPING THE REASON FOR CARRYING OUT THESE MEASUREMENTS WAS THE LACK OF DATA ON RESPONSE OF A SMALL SCINTILLATING CELL WITH POLISHED EDGES COMPARED TO THE RESPONSE OF CELL WITH NON-POLISHED OR JUST MACHINED EDGES AND HOW ARE THESE RESPONSES SENSITIVE TO A DIFFERENT WRAPPING OR COATING MATERIALS. GEOMETRY, MATERIALS, AND TOOLS CELL MATERIAL SCINTILLATOR BC408, THICKNESS 5 MM, SHAPE HEXAGON, AREA- 9.4 CM², 5 CELLS HAVE FINISHED EDGES; ALL TOTAL-11 CELLS. GROOVE SIGMA SHAPE, RADIUS 12 MM, 25º OF CIRCLE WITHOUT GROOVE, RECTANGULAR CROSSECTION, DEPTH 4 MM, WIDTH 1 MM, DEPTH TAPERED TO EXIT. WLS FIBER BCF92, SQUARE, SIDE 0.8 MM, LENGTH- 1 M,FINISHED ENDS, ONE END MIRRORED, EMBEDDED AND GLUED INTO THE GROOVE USING BC600. WRAPPING MATERIALS TYVEK, 3M CM500, 3M CM590, 3M VM2002, ALUMINIZED MYLAR, TITANIUM WHITE ACRYLIC PAINT FROM LIQUITEX ENGLAND, (ALUMINUM FOIL). PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE HAMAMATSU R580, HIGH VOLTAGE 1300V, DARK CURRENT LESS THAN 0.07 NA, OR LESS THAN 0.1% WITH Sr90 (2 mC) Note: Painting is the most attractive solution because of high productivity. 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP A FULL SET OF MEASUREMENTS FOR EACH CELL 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP TABLE 1. RATIO OF CELL RESPONSE TO TYVEK (IN PERCENTAGES) Cell type Tyvek Paint VM 2002 Mylar CM590 CM500 Alum Foil Polish Edges 100 64 107 81 31 46 67 Mach. Edges 66 108 83 28 44 63 Mach./ Polish 127 130 128 114 119 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP OPTICAL CROSSTALK BETWEEN CELLS ARRAY OF 7 CELLS CONNECTED TO ONE PMT R580 VIA SQUARE LIGHT GUIDE, DARK CURRENT WAS 0.4 nA OR LESS THAN 0.2% OF OUTPUT CURRENT WITH Sr90 (5 mC), THE TOP CONFIGURATION OF CELLS CAN PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL LIGHT OF CENTRAL CELL TO ALL SIX NEIGHBOURS THROUGH SIDES, IN THE BOTTOM CONFIGURATION THE “CENTRAL CELL” STILL CONNECTED TO PMT, BUT CANNOT PROVIDE THE ADDITIONAL LIGHT TO NEIGHBOURS, FOR CELLS PAINTED IN WHITE ACRYLIC ONLY, THE TOP CONFIGURATION PROVIDES 5% LARGER RESPONSE THAN THE BOTTOM ONE, OPTICAL CROSSTALK IS 5% PER CELL. 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP SCANNER VIEW WITH PMT AND RADIOACTIVE SOURCE 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP P L A N S GET FIRST RESULTS WITH COSMIC RAYS USING PROTOTYPE OF SDHCAL AS A 84-CHANNELS-3D TRACKER, GET FIRST RESULTS WITH H7546B, APD S8550, SiPM, ETC PHOTO DETECTORS, MEASURE THE CELL RESPONSE WITH DIFFERENT DIAMETER OF FIBERS AND DIFFERENT THICKNESS OF SCINTILLATOR IN ORDER TO GET A THICKNESS OF ACTIVE LAYER LESS THAN 6 MM, DESIGN, BUILD AND TEST FULL SCALE MODULES OF 16 (32) CELLS FOR TEST BEAM MEASURE THE PMT R580 UNIFORMITY RESPONSE WITH AND WITHOUT THE LIGHT GUIDE, MEASURE THE MPMT H8711 UNIFORMITY RESPONSES, BUILD A NEW SCANNER, WITH REFERENCE CELL AND WELL DEFINED HOME POSITION FOR THE RADIOACTIVE SOURCE; IT SHOULD PROVIDE ON-LINE SCAN OF CELL ARRAY(S) USING A PREDEFINED COORDINATE FILE OF POINTS OF MEASUREMENTS, DEVELOP A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHOD OF SURVEYING SCINTILLATING CELLS ON LINEAR COLLIDER DETECTOR WITH A PRECISION OF 0.1 MM IN ALL DIMENSIONS. 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP

CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP SUMMARY NICADD-FERMILAB EXTRUDER HAS PRODUCED FIRST SCINTILLATING STRIPS SMALL SCINTILLATING CELLS ARE A REASONABLE APPROACH FOR DHCAL TODAY’S DESIGN OF OPTICAL ELEMENTS PROVIDES ~10 PE THE 3M SUPERREFLECTIVE FILM VM2002 PROVIDES THE BRIGHTEST RESPONSE. A PAINTED CELL PROVIDES 2/3 RESPONSE OF CELL WRAPPED IN TYVEK, BUT PAINTING IS MORE PRODUCTIVE THAN WRAPPING OPTICAL CROSSTALK BETWEEN WHITE PAINTED CELLS IS SMALL PROTOTYPE OF SDHCAL IS ALMOST READY FOR COSMIC TEST DIGITAL HADRON CALORIMETER WITH SMALL SCINTILLATING CELLS IS A ROBUST SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE LINEAR COLLIDER DETECTOR. 9/17/2018 CORNELL LINEAR COLLIDER WORKSHOP