= Speech where we are reporting now on what someone said in the past. REPORTED SPEECH = Speech where we are reporting now on what someone said in the past.

QUOTED SPEECH VS. REPORTED SPEECH Quoted speech: when we keep the speaker’s exact words and use quotation marks. Reported speech: where we are reporting now on what someone said in the past and therefore must change the tense, pronouns, etc.

REWRITE EACH SENTENCE USING REPORTED SPEECH Some examples… Jill: I love chocolate. Kate: I went to the beach. REWRITE EACH SENTENCE USING REPORTED SPEECH

Look at what Anthony Horowitz said to a journalist: (p. 112 – 1a & 1b) My favourite films are thrillers.  Horowitz said his favourite films were thrillers. I go to see films three or four times a week.  He told an interviewer he went to see… I hated living and studying there.  He said that he had hated living and studying there. I’ve written more than 30 novels.  He told them that he had written more than 30… What happens to the verbs when they go into reported speech? What happens to most pronouns and possessive adjectives when they go into reported speech? What is the difference between say and tell? After say and tell do we always need to use that?

Extra practice… I like English. He’s going to the bank. REPORT THESE SENTENCES BACK TO ME, CHANGING THE TENSE, PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.

SAY VS. TELL The most common verbs used to report statements are say and tell. When tell is used in reported speech, it is always followed by a noun or a pronoun indicating the person spoken to: Jane told us (that) we were going to the cinema on Saturday. Say is not necessarily followed by a noun or a pronoun indicating the person spoken to: Jane said (that) we were going to the cinema on Saturday.  TELL + NOUN/PRONOUN  SAY + TO + NOUN/PRONOUN

OTHER COMMONLY USED VERBS WITH REPORTED SPEECH ARE… ADD (añadir) MENTION (mencionar) ADMIT (admitir) OBSERVE (observar) CLAIM (asegurar, sostener) STATE (declarar, manifestar, enunciar, exponer) DECLARE (declarar) REPLY (responder, contestar) EXPLAIN (explicar) POINT OUT (mostrar, señalar, puntualizar, remarcar) INDICATE (indicar) ...

DIRECT SPEECH  REPORTED SPEECH PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT WILL WOULD (‘D) CAN COULD MAY MIGHT MUST/HAVE TO HAD TO

OTHER WORDS WHICH WE OFTEN CHANGE WHEN WE PUT STATEMENTS INTO REPORTED SPEECH “I read this book last week”.  She said she had read that book the previous week. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH THIS THAT HERE THERE TODAY THAT DAY YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE TOMORROW THE NEXT/FOLLOWING DAY TONIGHT THAT NIGHT NEXT (WEEK/MONTH/YEAR) THE FOLLOWING (WEEK/MONTH/YEAR) LAST (WEEK/MONTH/YEAR) THE PREVIOUS (WEEK, MONTH, YEAR) A (WEEK/MONTH/YEAR) AGO A (WEEK/MONTH/YEAR) BEFORE

BE CAREFUL!! COULD, WOULD SHOULD & MIGHT do not change from direct to reported speech!! When the reporting verb is in the past but the statement is something which is still true, or is and will always be true, the tense of the verb in reported speech USUALLY STAYS THE SAME!! “I’m from Poland”.  Monika said she’s from Poland.

REPORTED SPEECH - QUESTIONS He asked, “Where do they live?” DS He asked where they lived. RS He asked, “Do they live in Prague?” DS He asked if/whether they lived in Prague. RS ¡¡¡OJO!!!  We do not use the auxiliary verb DO in reported questions: “Do you like this newspaper?” = He asked me if I liked that newspaper. ¡¡¡OJO!!!  Reported questions are not real interrogative questions and, therefore, they do not need question marks (?).

2 TYPES OF QUESTIONS YES/NO QUESTIONS: Yes/No questions in reported speech always begin with the word IF or WHETHER. “Do you want to go to the cinema?”  I asked her if/whether she wanted to go to the cinema. “Will you go to the party?”  They asked me if/whether I would go to the party. WH-QUESTIONS: Wh- questions (WHO, WHAT, HOW, WHY…) in reported speech always begin with the question word and change from question word order to statement word order. “Where is he?”  They asked me where he was.