The Northern Renaissance Chapter 17 Section 2

Key Terms Utopia William Shakespeare Johann Gutenberg

The Renaissance Spread North Trading networks spread across northern Europe Hanseatic League dominated trade 1200’s to 1400’s protected against pirates Built lighthouses Trained ship captains

The Renaissance Spreads North Spread by Italian artists Fled to northern Europe to avoid clashes between monarchs Brought humanist ideas and new painting techniques Northern scholars traveled to Italy Universities established in France, Germany, Netherlands

A Book Revolution Johannes Gutenberg made the printing press Used Chinese system- letters on a plate then locked into a press Moveable type, text could be quickly printed on both sides of the paper

A Book Revolution Produced books faster and cheaper First publication was a 1,282 page Bible Within 35 years his presses were as far away as Constantinople Printed books provide more access to new ideas People learned to read

Philosophers and Writers Desiderius Erasmus-leading Christian humanists Priest in the Netherlands Wrote about the need for a pure and simple Christian life Stripped of rituals and politics of the church on earth Advised to educate children

Philosophers and Writers Fanned the flames of discontent in the Church His works were censored in Paris and condemned by the Church Praise of Folly his most famous work

Sir Thomas More Humanism introduced to England by Italians More became friends with Erasmus More wrote Utopia Read across Europe Criticizes the English government and society and a vision of a perfect society It was a non-existent society based on reason

William Shakespeare Greatest English playwright Drew inspiration from ancient works Wide understanding of natural science and humanist topics Used language and choice of themes Made plays appeal to uneducated people

William Shakespeare Helped spread the ideas of Renaissance to mass audiences Shift from religious morality Focused on lives of realistic characters Public theatres built by 1500’s Theatres could hold 2,000 people

Christine de Pisan Works focused on the roles of women Grew up in the French court Was widowed turned to writing Poetry, biography of Charles IV, works to guide women to proper morality

Artists Adopted Italian techniques More realistic view of humanity Albrecht Durer visited Italy His works were oil paintings Characterized northern Europe

Artists Reproduced the texture of wood Reflection of objects in a room in a mirror Scenes outside a window Other tiny details

Artists Northern Netherlands (Flanders) developed their own style Flemish School 1400’s Perfected by Jan van Eyck’s work Focused on landscapes and domestic life Fused the everyday with religious

Artists Use of symbolism Single lit candle of light streaming in a window represented God’s presence Hans Holbein used objects as symbols to characterize the subjects of his portraits

Artists 1500’s Pieter Brueghel (Flemish Artist) Used Italian techniques Subject matter followed northern artists Showed scenes from everyday peasant life Different from the mythical creatures of the Italian Artists