Conceptual and methodological developments Cultural employment Agenda point 9 European Commission - DG Eurostat MEETING OF THE WORKING GROUP ON CULTURE STATISTICS 23-24 November 2016

Content Part I. Estimation issues Countries providing less than 3 digits for NACE / 4 digits for ISCO Partly cultural codes at the most detailed level Part 2. Proposals for scope amendment From comparison between UIS and Eurostat data on cultural employment Internal consistency of the European framework (ISCO and NACE codes) Intuitive approach

Part I Estimation issues

Cultural employment estimation: 2 cases Codification detail in EU-LFS Algorithm adapted to ISCO-4 digits & NACE-3digits Minimal legal requirement in EU-LFS: ISCO-3 digits x NACE 2-digits 2015 data: ISCO 4d x NACE3d from 18 MS + 3 non-EU countries (= estimation needed for 10 MS) Partly cultural codes at the most detailed level Ex: NACE 581 (publishing activities) partly cultural at 3 digits: 5811, 5813, 5814 FULLY cultural (books, newspapers, journals and periodicals) 5812, 5819 NOT cultural (directories and mailing lists, and others) -> need for estimating the (5811+5812+5813) part in 581

Case 1: codification details in EU-LFS Current practice Using of data from ISCO 4-digits x NACE 3-digits countries (18 MS) Calculation of cultural weights from those data Extrapolation to other countries having a lower codification level Alternatives Culture dedicated survey: too high workload EXPECTED solution: increased minimal requirement in EU-LFS to ISCO 4-digits x NACE 3-digits (firstly as gentlemen agreement, possible reguirement in the IESS regulation – entry in force from 2019 or 2020)

Case 2: Partly cultural codes Current practice Those codes are simply ignored in the algorithm (considered as non-cultural) Partly included yet, through the ISCO-NACE cross-tabulation algorithm (economic activity "retrieved" in the occupation) Alternatives Ad-hoc data collection: confidentiality/reliability issues Arbitrary cultural weight (e.g. include 10% of the partly cultural code) Cultural weights to be provided by countries: standardisation issue Cultural weights to be derived from other more detailed sources (e.g. SBS data are available at NACE 4-digit): comparability and compilation issues

Part II Amendment of the scope

Amendment of the European scope Current scope : ESSnet report (2012) list of NACE and ISCO codes Why changing? World is changing Internal consistency of the ESSnet framework Harmonisation with UIS scope Intuitive approach Eurostat proposal for an enlarged framework Limited number of NACE and ISCO codes proposed Status: to be discussed A universal statistical cultural scope is utopy

Amendment of the European scope Reason 1: Internal consistency of the ESSnet framework NACE: 742 Photographic activities (ISCO 3431 Photographers included as fully cultural) 743 Translation and interpretation activities (ISCO 2643 Translators and interpreters included as fully cultural) Note: italics = codes considered as partly cultural by the ESSnet 742: mainly cultural (ESSnet p. 71) but non-cultural components (film processing, plates, ..) 743: mainly cultural due to the translation component, not fully cultural (ESSnet report p. 65)

Amendment of the European scope Reason 2: UIS scope as an input NACE: 742 Photographic activities 4761-4763 Retail sale of books, newspapers, stationery, music and video recordings 7722 Renting of video tapes and disks ISCO: 3118 Draughtspersons 2353 Language teachers 2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals 2164 (Town and traffic planners) and 2165 (Cartographers and surveyers) Note: italics = codes considered as partly cultural by the ESSnet NACE 4-digit codes (4761-3 + 7722): not possible to include in employment estimates (4 digits) but possibly in cultural enterprise stats ISCO 3118: draughtpersons are even not mentioned in the ESSnet report ISCO 2165 cartographers are explicitely excluded, no explanation ISCO 2164+2165 represent at EU level around 20% of 216 (EU-LFS 2014 data), with important variance across countries

Amendment of the European scope UIS cultural codes not retained NACE 6399 Other information services n.e.c (ESSnet: only News agencies incl.) ISCO 7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers ISCO 753 Garment and related trades workers (Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters, sewing, embroidery, shoemakers, etc.) ISCO 753: as for ISCO 3118 (draughtpersons) they are even not mentioned in the ESSnet report

Amendment of the European scope Reason 3: ESSnet "related" codes NACE: 1811 Printing of newspapers 1812 Other printing 182 Reproduction of recorded media 322 Manufacture of musical instruments Note: italics = codes considered as partly cultural by the ESSnet Related activities are "industrial activities that are linked to culture (manufacturing and printing transform a mass reproduction good into a cultural good available for consumption), without being included in the core framework on culture for the production of data." (Essnet report, p. 72) In other words, they do not give a cultural value to the product, but make it available for wide consumption, by mass reproduction (cf. dissemination function)

Amendment of the European scope Reason 4: last codes proposed (intuitive approach) NACE: 2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists 9491 Activities of religious organisations ISCO: 2636 Religious professionals 3413 Religious associate professionals Note: italics = codes considered as partly cultural by the ESSnet ISCO 2633 are partly cultural in ESSnet, in relation to cultural heritage Religion-related codes are proposed in the Cultural heritage context: a system of beliefs makes the cultural identity

Amendment of the European scope Reason 5: practical reason NACE 581 (Publishing activities): Discarded from the Eurostat estimations due to a partly cultural status: 5811, 5813 & 5814 (books, newspapers, journals and periodicals): fully cultural 5812 (directories and mailing lists) & 5819 (other): not cultural BUT evidence (SBS data) for a large cultural weight (90% at EU level). Resulting 'overinclusion' would have a limited impact on data. This inclusion is not anodyne: we expect an increase of +6.7% at EU level (2014 data)

WG members are asked to: Comment on the current solutions for addressing estimation issues Provide reservations, if any, on the ISCO and NACE codes proposed for inclusion in the European cultural framework

Summary: list of codes proposed for inclusion label ESSnet NACE codes 742 Photographic activities X 743 Translation and interpretation 4761-3 Retail sale of books, newspapers, music and video recordings 7722 Renting of video tapes and disks 581 Publishing of books, periodicals and other \5812,5819 ISCO codes 3118 Draughtspersons 2353 Language teachers 2164 Town and traffic planners 2165 Cartographers and surveyers 2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals 2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists 'Related' NACE codes 1811-2 Printing of newspapers and other printing R 182 Reproduction of recorded media 322 Manufacture of musical instruments Religion? N. 9491 Activities of religious organisations I. 2636 Religious professionals I. 3413 Religious Associate Professionals Summary: list of codes proposed for inclusion in italics: not part of the UIS scope NACE 4-digit codes (4761-3 + 7722): not possible to include in employment estimates (4 digits) but possibly in cultural enterprise stats ISCO 2164+2165 represent at EU level around 20% of 216 (EU-LFS 2014 data), with important variance across countries 1811, 1812: not captured in EU-LFS (according to SBS data, 2014, the sum 1811+1812 is over 2/3 of 181 in all EU countries with available data) including 181 as a whole (incl. Prepress and binding services) could imply, for internal consistency, the inclusion of ISCO 732 Printing Trades Workers (as suggested by Spain), or only ISCO 7322 (printers, not prepress and finishing/binding)