Chapter 1 Vocabulary Review AP Government

1). A fundamental principle of traditional. democratic theory 1) A fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory. In a democracy choosing among alternatives requires that the majority’s desire be respected. Majority Rule

Policymaking Institutions 2) The branches of government tasked with taking action on political issues. The U.S. Constitution set up three branches to take these actions, Congress, the presidency, and the courts. Today, the bureaucracy is so powerful that most political scientists consider it a fourth branch in these matters. Policymaking Institutions

Policymaking Institutions The branches of government tasked with taking action on political issues. The U.S. Constitution set up three branches to take these actions, Congress, the presidency, and the courts. Today, the bureaucracy is so powerful that most political scientists consider it a fourth branch in these matters. Policymaking Institutions

3). A theory of American democracy 3) A theory of American democracy contending that groups are so strong that government, which gives in to the many groups, is thereby weakened. Hyperpluralism

4). A principle of traditional democratic 4) A principle of traditional democratic theory that guarantees rights to those who do not belong to the majority. Minority Rights

5). A theory of American democracy contending 5) A theory of American democracy contending that an upper-class holds the power and makes policy, regardless of the formal governmental organization. Elite Theory

6). A basic principle of traditional 6) A basic principle of traditional democratic theory that describes the relationship between the few leaders and many followers. Representation

7). The effects a policy has on people and. problems 7) The effects a policy has on people and problems. These effects are analyzed to see how well a policy has met its goal and at what cost. Policy Impacts

8). A choice that government makes in. response to a political issue 8) A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. It is a course of action in regard to some problem. Public Policy

9) An overall set of values widely shared within a society. Political Culture

10). The process determining the leaders we 10) The process determining the leaders we select and the policies they pursue. This process produces authoritative decisions about public issues. Politics

11). The issues that attract the serious 11) The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people involved in politics at a point in time. Policy Agenda

12). A system of selecting policymakers and 12) A system of selecting policymakers and organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences. Democracy

13). Groups who have a narrow. interest on which their members tend to 13) Groups who have a narrow interest on which their members tend to take an uncompromising stance. Single-issue-groups

14). This arises when people disagree 14) This arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it. Political Issue

Collective goods. 15) Goods and services such as clean air and water, that by their nature, cannot be denied to anyone. Collective goods.

16). A theory of American Democracy emphasizing 16) A theory of American Democracy emphasizing that the policymaking process is very open to the participation of all groups with shared interests, with no single group usually dominating. As such, these theorists believe that public interest generally prevails. Pluralism

17). The institutions through which. public policies are made for a 17) The institutions through which public policies are made for a society. Government

Political Participation 18) All the activities by which citizens attempt to influence the selection of political leaders and the policies they pursue. Voting is the most common form of this activity in a democracy. Other means include contacting public officials, protest, and civil disobedience. Political Participation

Gross Domestic Product 19) The sum total of all the goods and services produced in a year in a nation. Gross Domestic Product

Linkeage Institutions 20) The political channels through which people’s concerns become political issues on the policy agenda. In the U.S., these channels include elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media. Linkeage Institutions

21). The process by which policy comes into being and. evolves 21) The process by which policy comes into being and evolves. People’s interests, problems, and concerns, create political issues for the government. These issues shape policy, which in turn impacts people, generating more interests, problems, and concerns. Policymaking System

22). A condition that occurs when interests 22) A condition that occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy, so nothing gets done. Policy Gridlock

# 23 Writ of Certiorari An order of a higher court to a lower court to send all the documents in a case to it so the higher court can review the lower court's decision. Usually issued by the Supreme Court.

#24 Writ of Habeas Corpus (literally to "produce the body") is a court order to a person (prison warden) or agency (institution) holding someone in custody to deliver the imprisoned individual to the court issuing the order. This prevents someone from being held in jail/prison indefinitely without being brought to trial.