Biology 2016 Final Review Miller and Levine

All living things are made up of________________. bones blood cells elements

If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a(n)____________. eukaryote prokaryote plant animal

Despite differences in shape and size, all cells have cytoplasm and a _____________. cell wall mitochondrion cell membrane nucleus

Photosynthesis takes place in the _____________ in plant cells. cell wall chloroplast mitochondria nucleus

Which of the following controls what enters and leaves the cell? mitochondria cell membrane nucleus vacuole

Threadlike structures that contain genetic information are called ___________. ribosomes nuclei chromosomes mitochondria

This organelle translates information from RNA into proteins. ribosome mitochondria chromosome chloroplast

The process of cell division results in ______________. sister chromatids two identical daughter cells mitosis unregulated growth

If a cell has 4 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis? 8 12 4 16

During ______________, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

The timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is believed to be controlled by a group of closely related proteins called _____________. chromatids centromeres centrioles cyclins

_____________ is an in between phase where a cell goes through a period of growth. prophase interphase telophase metaphase

Uncontrolled cell division occurs in ____________. cancer mitosis cytokinesis cyclin

The _________ is a mictrotubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. cytoplasm spindle centriole none of the above

Which of these is not a stage of cellular respiration? fermentation electron transport glycolysis Krebs cycle Fermentation

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? glycolysis → fermentation → Krebs cycle Krebs cycle → electron transport → glycolysis glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport Krebs cycle → glycolysis → electron transport

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration? 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6

In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by ____? lactic acid fermentation. alcoholic fermentation. photosynthesis. the Krebs cycle. the Krebs Cycle

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires ____ light. exercise. oxygen. glucose oxygen

In eukaryotes, electron transport chain occurs in the ___________ mitochondria. chloroplasts. cell membrane. cytoplasm. mitochondria

During which stage of cellular respiration is most ATP formed? glycolysis Krebs Cycle electron transport chain fermentation

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration almost opposite processes? Photosynthesis releases energy and cellular respiration stores energy. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and cellular respiration puts it back. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere and cellular respiration puts it back. all of the above

Which of the following is released during cellular respiration? a. oxygen b. air c. energy d. lactic acid energy

Which substance produced by alcoholic fermentation makes bread dough rise? oxygen alcohol lactic acid CO2

What happens during the Krebs Cycle? Hydrogen ions and oxygen form water The cell releases a small amount of energy through fermentation Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions Each glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Which of the following carry out cellular respiration? corn plant dog yeast cells all of the above

Different forms of a gene are called ____________. hybrids alleles dominant factors recessive factors

A Punnett Square is used to determine the _________. probable outcome of a cross actual outcome of a cross result of mitosis result of meiosis

If a homozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a homozygous short pea plant, then____ the recessive trait seems to disappear all plants are medium height no hybrids are produced all the plants are short

Two true breeding plants are crossed similar to Mendel’s P generation Two true breeding plants are crossed similar to Mendel’s P generation. A tall plant crossed with a short one. What is the expected outcome for the F1 generation? all short all medium all tall half short, half tall

If the cross from the previous question is continued, what is the expected outcome of the F2 generation? all short all tall 3 tall, 1 short half tall, half short 3 tall, one short

Organisms that have two identical alleles for the same trait are said to be _____. dominant heterozygous homozygous recessive

The physical characteristics of an organism is its _____. genotype heredity phenotype genetics

Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait are said to be _____. dominant heterozygous homozygous recessive

A nucleotide contains ________. DNA polymerase, a phosphate group, a nitrogen base 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, a nitrogen base a 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base and DNA polymerase none of the above

During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence ATA ACG CCT? TAT TGC GGA UAU UGC GGA TAA TCG GGA

During DNA replication, the DNA molecule separates into two strands, and then produces two ________________ following the rules of base pairing. complementary strands RNA molecules transformations DNA polymerase molecules

In a DNA or RNA molecule, the nucleotide adenine bonds with ___________. both cytosine and thymine thymine or uracil cytosine guanine

The nitrogenous bases are held together in a DNA molecule by __________. nothing water hydrogen bonds ionic bonds

The process of decoding m-RNA into a protein is called ____________. transformation transcription translation translocation

The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of m-RNA is called ______________. translation transformation transcription replication transcription 

In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular _____________. nucleotide amino acid purine pyrimidine

Anti-codons are three unpaired bases on a _________ molecule. DNA m-RNA r-RNA t-RNA

The_________ is where the m-RNA molecule is translated into a protein. cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus ribosome

__________ is a polymer of amino acids. DNA Protein t-RNA r-RNA