Ge Wu, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Age-Related Differences in Tai Chi Gait Kinematics and Leg Muscle Electromyography: A Pilot Study Ge Wu, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 89, Issue 2, Pages 351-357 (February 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.147 Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Illustration of a complete cycle of Parting Wild Horse’s Mane. Abbreviations: DSI, double-stance I; DSII, double-stance II; L, left; R, right; SS, single stance; SW, swing. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 351-357DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.147) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Mean time in different phases of gait cycle. The means and standard deviations (SDs) of the duration in double-stance phase I, single stance, double-stance phase II, and swing phase of Tai Chi gait (TCG) in both young and elders and of normative gait (NG) in elders. *Significant difference between young and old in Tai Chi gait; †significant difference between Tai Chi gait and normative gait in elders. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 351-357DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.147) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 The means and SDs of (A) maximum joint motion during single-stance phase and (B) joint ROM during swing phase, of Tai Chi gait and normative gait, in the young and old groups. Abbreviations: Ab/Ad, abduction and adduction; D/P, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion; F/E, flexion and extension. *Significant difference between young and old in Tai Chi gait; †significant difference between Tai Chi gait and normative gait in elders. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 351-357DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.147) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 The means and SDs of (A) activation time of 6 muscles, (B) RMS values of 6 muscles, and (C) coactivation time of 5 muscle pairs, during single-stance phase of Tai Chi gait and normative gait, in the young and old groups. The activation time and coactivation time are normalized by the single-stance time, and the RMS value of each muscle electromyographic activity is normalized by the corresponding RMS value during quiet stance. Abbreviations: PL, peroneus longus; RF, rectus femoris; SOL, soleus; ST, semitendinosus; femoris TA, tibialis anterior. *Significant difference between young and old in Tai Chi gait; †significant difference between Tai Chi gait and normative gait in elders. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 351-357DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.147) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions