Phases of Matter 1

Grab a piece of construction paper and a pair of scissors from the desk. Then discuss the following questions with a neighbor. What happens to a puddle of water on a sunny day? What happens to ice on a warm day? What happens to a pond in very cold temperatures?

http://www. shmoop. com/video/chemistry-3-1-the-states-of-matter http://www.shmoop.com/video/chemistry-3-1-the-states-of-matter?tag=6FDC1073429B473D9451D81983782473

With your table, list some examples of solids With your table, list some examples of solids. Then brainstorm with your group to see if you can come up with at least 3 things (properties) that all of the solids have in common.

Phases of Matter Solids: Particles are tightly packed together and DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place. The animation on this slide is meant to show students that the atoms in a SOLID object are moving, but cannot move past one another. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Solids have a definiteSHAPE Solids have a definiteVOLUME Example—Marble Shape= Sphere Volume= can be found using water displacement © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Examples of Solids: Just a few examples of “Solids” the studentsmay have used in the last 24 hours: ice, bicycle, school desk, road sign, school bus, clothing © 2013 S. Coates 8

With your table, list some examples of liquids With your table, list some examples of liquids. Then brainstorm with your group to see if you can come up with at least 3 things (properties) that all of the liquids have in common.

Phases of Matter Liquids: Particles are still tightly packed together and they SLIDE move past each other. The animation on this slide is meant to show students that the atoms in a liquid are relatively close together, but slide past one another. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Examples of Liquids: Examples of liquids: milk, ocean, gasoline, melted chocolate, soda,lemonade © 2013 S. Coates 11

Phases of Matter LiquidsDO NOThave a definiteSHAPE,they take the shape of their container. Liquids have a definiteVOLUME Example—Orange Juice Shape= None, it takes the shape of the glass. Volume= can be found using a beaker or graduated cylinder. © 2013 S. Coates

With your table, list some examples of gases With your table, list some examples of gases. Then brainstorm with your group to see if you can come up with at least 3 things (properties) that all of the solids have in common.

Phases of Matter Gases: Particles are not tightly packed together, and have so much energy they slip past each other quickly. The animation on this slide is meant to show students that the atoms in a GAS move quickly and can spread a further distance than the atoms in solids and liquids. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Examples of Gases: Examples of gases: Helium, Atmosphere/Water Vapor, smoke, “pollution”, oxygen © 2013 S. Coates 15

Phases of Matter GasesDO NOThave a definiteSHAPE GasesDO NOThave a definiteVOLUME Example—Smoke Shape= Not definite. Volume= Not definite. Gases are usually always expanding. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Plasma: Particles are moving so quickly it is hard to see what they are actually doing. This animation is meant to show students that PLASMA is the phase of matter that is the fastest moving and it is impossible to see exactly how the atoms are moving. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Examples of Plasmaon Earth: Plasmaon Earth: lightning, fire © 2013 S. Coates 18

Phases of Matter Let’s summarize: Phase Motion of Particles Speed of Particles Solid Particles vibrate in place Slow Liquid Particles are close,but can slide past one another Medium Gas Particles are constantly expanding Fast Plasma Unknown Fasterthan we can see © 2013 S. Coates

Each card has with either the name of the category, a definition, an example, or a supporting fact and they will need to wander around the room trying to connect with the people who are in the same state of matter. Once the students have mingled and grouped themselves. Go around and have each group name off what their cards say. As a class tell them they need to assess and decide if the card fits in the group it’s in or if it needs to be a part of another group.

Hot and Cold Simulation Act out being hot (spread out, fanning yourself – moving fast) ; act out being cold (huddled together and shivering)

T V = Phases of Matter Charles’ Law Volume (of gas) and Temperature Two “laws” about gases… Charles’ Law Volume (of gas) and Temperature When temperature goes up, volume goes up When temperature goes down, volume goes down © 2013 S. Coates

Gas + Heat = Expansion! Thesepictures and illustrations are meant to show students that the molecules inside a hot air balloon are closer together when the balloon is deflated, and farther apart when the balloon is inflated. © 2013 S. Coates http://www.usaballoon.com/fly.htm http://www.coloradoguy.com/balloona-vista/hotairballoons-buenavista-co.htm 24

V P = Phases of Matter 2. Boyles’ Law Volume (of gas) and Pressure Two “laws” about gases… 2. Boyles’ Law Volume (of gas) and Pressure When pressure goes up, volume goes down When pressure goes down, volume goes up © 2013 S. Coates

The amount of water pressure determines the size of bubbles in the water. These pictures show students that whena scuba diver blows bubbles deep in the ocean the bubbles are small, but as the bubbles rise to the surface (as the pressure decreases) they get bigger (their volume increases). © 2013 S. Coates http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/91300130/Photographers-Choice http://gallery.photo.net/photo/9734756-lg.jpg 26

Low pressure Large Volume High pressure Small Volume © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Phase Definite Shape? Definite Volume? YES YES NO YES Let’s summarize: Phase Definite Shape? Definite Volume? Solid Liquid Gas Plasma YES YES NO YES NO NO http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/ 28

Energyis what changes a phase of matter. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater average energy of motion so most substances expand when heated. Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid or gas depending on temperature. States of matter canchange phases. Any change in phase is caused by ENERGY (usually in the form of heat). Adding energy to a solid will cause it to melt, taking energy from a gas will cause condensation, etc. © 2013 S. Coates 29

ADDED Phases of Matter Solid Liquid The added energy has caused the chocolate particles to speed up. Before they were vibrating in place, now they are moving fast enough to slip past one another. Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change: Solid Liquid © 2013 S. Coates

ADDED Phases of Matter Liquid Gas Is ENERGY beingADDEDorTAKEN AWAYin this phase change: ADDED The added energy has caused the water particles tospeed up. Before they were moving fast enough to slip past one another, now they have enough energy to break away from one another and expand. Liquid Gas © 2013 S. Coates

Taken Away Phases of Matter Liquid Solid Is ENERGY beingADDEDorTAKEN AWAYin this phase change: Taken Away Taking away energy from a rain drop slows the water molecules down so that they no longer slide past one another. Liquid Solid © 2013 S. Coates

Please grab the two sheet from the desk. Write your name on the Bill Nye worksheet and then set it aside. Begin filling in what you know on the states of matter handout.

Phases Change simulation

Study Jams http://www.shmoop.com/video/chemistry-3-1-the-states-of- matter?tag=6FDC1073429B473D9451D81983782473 http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquids- gases.htm

Grab the sheet from the front and write your name on it Grab the sheet from the front and write your name on it. Match the phase change with the correct description: melting                   1. temperature increase, liquid to gas freezing    2. temperature increase, solid to liquid evaporation    3. temperature decrease, gas to liquid condensation    4. temperature decrease, liquid to solid 2. What is plasma and what is an example of plasma? Answer Key: A-2 B-4 C-1 D-3 2. Plasma is a state of matter found that occurs at extremely high temperatures, lightning is an example of plasma

Read over the lab for today. Be ready to start the lab soon Read over the lab for today. Be ready to start the lab soon! BYOD – but face down and not on 9/17/2018

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter http://www.brainpop.com/games/mattersorter/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fj1IdOdmOjY&feature=youtu.be

Take the next couple of minutes to look over your notes to prepare for the quiz. Vocabulary on quiz: Solid, liquid, gas Melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition Know when heat is added and when heat is removed for phase changes State of Matter + o r- heat = process Ending state of matter Ex: GAS -- HEAT DEPOSITION SOLID

Pick your group of 4 but do not sit with them yet Pick your group of 4 but do not sit with them yet. We will be completing a lab today. Grab the lab sheet from the front and begin reading over it.