Science and Urban Life Expanding Public Education 8.1 & 8.2 notes Science and Urban Life Expanding Public Education

Technological advances change city life Building up – skyscrapers Internal steel frame Elevators Greatest contribution to architecture Electric Transit Allowed cities to expand outward Electricity transformed urban transportation Streetcars, trolley cars, subways, the L trains Urban Planning Sought to restore a measure of serenity by designing areas for recreation Central Park; rustic haven in the middle of the city

New Technologies Printing Airplanes Photography Faster production and lower cost made newspapers, magazines more affordable Airplanes Wright Brothers First flight lasted only 12 seconds Photography Prior to 1880 photography was a professional activity Eastman – invented a way to make it for the masses $25 for a pre loaded camera; send it back developed film for $10

8.2 Expanding Public Education At the turn of the century, states passed laws requiring school attendance Required between the ages of 8 to 14 Later on included younger students Strict rules and punishment made students unhappy

High Schools By 1900s, half a million attended high school Due to the economic demand for advanced technology and managerial skills Courses in science, civics, social studies Vocational courses – drafting, carpentry, mechanics, office work African Americans excluded from secondary education Immigrants encourage to attend – a way to “Americanize” them