Light-matter interaction in Cosmic Dust Thomas Prevenslik QED Radiations Hong Kong and Berlin Enter speaker notes here. 1 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

GR = general relativity Introduction In 1926, Hubble’s redshift measurements of light from distant galaxies suggested the Universe was expanding thereby supporting Einstein’s GR theory GR = general relativity The expanding Universe was based on velocity measurements of distant galaxies inferred from Doppler redshifts of light 2 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Introduction (cont’d) In the 1930’s, The Milky Way was found to rotate faster than expected suggesting dark matter was present , and To keep the Coma cluster of galaxies together, the mass of dark matter would have to be much higher than visible matter In the 1970’s, redshift measurements of galaxy rotation curves showed a flat velocity profile, the high velocities suggesting dark matter holds the galaxy together. 3 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018 Since 1950, the computation of rotation curves became vogue after the radio astronomy discovery [4] of the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen atoms. Unlike optical redshifts based on emission wavelengths, radio redshifts are determined from the frequencies of thermal emission. In the 1970’s, rotation curves based on both optical and radio redshifts were resolved [5] for the M31 spiral galaxy by assuming the presence of invisible mass thereby marking the beginning of the modern search for dark matter. Today, scientists generally agree that dark matter is invisible having about 5-times the mass of ordinary matter, but what it is and how it was formed has remained a mystery. Many dark matter dark matter theories are proposed. dark matter may not exist.

Introduction (cont’d) Recently, GR was proposed modified by scale invariance negating the need for dark matter necessary to hold the galaxy together under high velocities. But scale invariant GR requires the large scale Universe to be empty space without mass – an unrealistic condition, let alone unverifiable by the scientific method. Similar arguments can be made for Higgs, MOND, etc. 4 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Observation Since Hubble, galaxy velocities from redshift have led science to believe the Universe is expanding and dark matter is necessary to hold cluster galaxies together Galaxy velocities from redshift are overstated by cosmic dust Dark matter only exists because of cosmic dust. Dark matter is not a physical property of the Universe that can be discovered by experiment Proposal 5 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

QM forbids temperature fluctuations in cosmic dust QM v. Classical Physics Classical physics allows atoms in quantum sized cosmic dust particles to fluctuate in temperature QM forbids temperature fluctuations in cosmic dust QM = quantum mechanics QM requires conservation of galaxy photons by non-thermal mechanisms, e.g., the re-emission of redshifted galaxy photons 6 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Optical Redshift Z meas = Z V + Z D 8 Measured redshift Z meas =   =  V +  D  Measured redshift V = wavelength increment of galaxy recession D = wavelength increment of cosmic dust ZV = V/ recession redshift ZD = D/ cosmic dust redshift Z meas = Z V + Z D 8 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Doppler Shift 9 Galaxy velocity measurement V c = Z meas +1 2 −1 Z meas +1 2 +1 For Zmeas << 1, V c  Z meas =  o −  V  c Z meas Velocity = Light speed * Redshift 9 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

How does cosmic dust provide EM confinement < 0.1 microns? Heat Capacity E= hc  exp hc kT −1 Classical physics (dotted lines) allows cosmic dust atoms for any EM confinement to always have kT heat capacity. QM differs by only allowing kT heat capacity at 300 and 2.7 K for  > 100 and 3000 microns. How does cosmic dust provide EM confinement < 0.1 microns? 10 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

EM Confinement EM confinement of atoms in cosmic dust is a natural consequence of high S/V ratios of cosmic dust S/V = surface-to-volume Upon absorption of galaxy light, almost all of the photon energy is deposited in the dust surface Surface heat places dust atoms under EM confinement. EM confinement occurs as the dust temperature cannot increase to relieve the surface heat by thermal expansion. 11 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Only real photons exist in this talk Feynman’s QED The QED of light-matter interaction is usually thought to proceed by the complex relativistic theory based on virtual photons advanced by Feynman and others QED lacks experimental verification. Even Feynman's argument that light is made of virtual particles is conjecture as any theory of light-matter interaction can only be verified if based on real photons. Only real photons exist in this talk 12 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Simple QED In contrast to Feynman, simple QED is verifiable in conserving real photons of galaxy light in cosmic dust Briefly stated: Under the QM restriction that the heat capacity of the atom under high EM confinement vanishes, the heat of galaxy light absorbed in the dust surface creates standing EM radiation inside the cosmic dust having half wavelength /2 = d, where d is the dust diameter 13 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

The Planck energy E of the standing EM radiation is, Simple QED(Cont’d) The Planck energy E of the standing EM radiation is, E= h c/n  = hc 2nd   where, the velocity of light c is corrected for the slower speed in the solid state by the refractive index n of dust Once the EM confinement is depleted in creating the standing wave photon, the EM confinement vanishes The standing wave photon escapes P and travels to Earth as cosmic dust ZD redshifted galaxy light. 14 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Corrected Redshift 15 Z D = 2 nd−  Corrected Redshift  = 0.656 micron Ly-  = 0.1217 micron Z D = 2 nd−  Z= Z meas − Z L y −Z H  Corrected Redshift 15 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Galaxy Photon  Dust w/o heat capacity  Redshift Photon Summary Simple QED converts the galaxy photon as a particle to a wave in cosmic dust and back to a redshifted particle Galaxy Photon  Dust w/o heat capacity  Redshift Photon Galaxy Photon (hc/) Redshift Photon (hc/2nd) /2 High S/V ratios Z D = 𝟐nd−  No Temperature Change f = (c/n)/  / 2 = d E = h f 16 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Discussions 17 Dark Matter Accelerating Universe Expansion Ghost Galaxy Wave-Particle Duality 17 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Newtonian mechanics is valid if dust corrections are made Dark Matter In an edge-on view, the spiral galaxy M31 was thought to have a flat velocity profile while Newtonian mechanics suggests decreasing velocity with radius. The dust redshift ZD is uniform along the radius because the galaxy illuminates about the same amount of cosmic dust NPs along the line-of-sight to the Earth But the velocities inferred from dust redshift ZD dwarf recession ZV redshifts, VD > VV giving the flat profile Newtonian mechanics is valid if dust corrections are made ZV V ZD ZV ZD > 18 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Accelerated Expansion In 2001, SN was found brighter than it should gave been  accelerated Universe expansion. Redshift ZD > 0 means the SN appears further away, Zmeas = ZV + ZD, but is brighter because the SN is actually at ZV Accelerating Universe is not physical, but rather an illusion caused by cosmic dust. ZV ZD Observer 19 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Ghost Galaxy DF2 Galaxy – No Dark matter Questions 20 No dark matter-no galaxy? Transparent Can the audience explain? ??? Dark Matter  V and V  Redshift Redshift  Cosmic Dust  No dark matter because no cosmic dust !!! Universe is also transparent If corrected for cosmic dust surrounding galaxy 20 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Wave-Particle Duality Simple QED allows the photon as a particle to become a wave depending on interaction with matter /2 Galaxy Photon E = h Redshift Photon E = h’ Particle in vacuum, not a wave Wave in dust, not in vacuum 21 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Conclusion By credibly refuting current cosmology for dark matter and Universe expansion, perhaps cosmology may return to Einstein’s once upon a time static and dynamic Universe. 22 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

Questions & Papers Email: nanoqed@gmail.com http://www.nanoqed.org Enter speaker notes here. 23 Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018