Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Forging new generations of engineers Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Visual Design Elements Six integral components used in the creation of a design: Line Color Form/Shape Space Texture Value You can make the analogy that the elements are like baking/cooking ingredients. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Line Types Vertical- Represents dignity, formality, stability and strength. Horizontal- Represents calm, peace and relaxation. Diagonal- Represents action, activity, excitement and movement. Curved- Represents freedom, the natural, having the appearance of softness and creates a soothing feeling or mood. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Vertical Lines Niagara Mohawk building in Syracuse, New York is an excellent example of the architectural style know as Art Deco. It was designed by the Buffalo architectural firm of Bley & Lyman and the Syracuse architect Melvin L. King in 1932. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Horizontal Lines This is a very famous Frank Lloyd Wright design know as “Running Water” located south of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Diagonal Lines Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Curved Lines Flowing, curved lines in the artist’s watercolor, curved lines in the graphic design and the puzzle cube package, Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Color Color has an immediate and profound effect on a design. Types Warm Colors Reds, oranges, yellows Cool Colors Blues, purples, greens Colors can affect how humans feel and act. Landscape designers use color to add variety and interest to their designs. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Color Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Form and Shape The shape, outline, or configuration of anything. Examples Squares Circles Ellipses Ovals Rectangles Triangles Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Form and Shape Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Space By incorporating the use of space in your design, you can enlarge or reduce the visual space. Types Open, uncluttered spaces Cramped, busy Unused vs. good use of space Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Texture The surface look or feel of something. Types Smooth surface Reflects more light and, therefore, is a more intense color. Rough surface Absorbs more light and, therefore, appears darker. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Smooth Texture Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Rough Texture Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Value The relative lightness or darkness of a color. Methods Shade Degree of darkness of a color Tint A pale or faint variation of a color Add black to get a shade. Add white to get a tint. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Value Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Visual Design Principles There are five principles that encompass an interesting design. Balance Rhythm Emphasis Proportion and scale Unity There are many different lists of design principles used by various occupational areas. You can make the analogy that the principles of design are like how you combine and utilize baking ingredients. Do you blend, whip or fold, do you fry, bake or broil, slow roast or microwave? How much flour, salt, spice or baking powder do you use? Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Balance Parts of the design are equally distributed to create a sense of stability. There can be physical as well as visual balance. Types Symmetrical or Formal Balance Asymmetrical or Informal Balance Radial Balance Vertical Balance Horizontal Balance Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Balance Symmetrical or Formal Balance The elements within the design are identical in relation to a centerline or axis. PLTW Project Lead The Way IED POE DE CIM EDD Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Balance Asymmetrical or Informal Balance Parts of the design are not identical but are equal in visual weight. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Balance Radial Balance Design Elements radiate outward from the center. Circular patterns. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Balance Vertical Balance The top and bottom parts are equal. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Balance Horizontal Balance The parts on left and right are equal. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Rhythm Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture or pattern. Types Regular rhythm Graduated rhythm Random rhythm Gradated rhythm This principle is sometimes referred to as repetition. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Rhythm Regular Rhythm A element is repeated at the same repetition/interval each time. Decorative grid on table, stripes on awning, lights that illuminate awning, repetitive tile pattern all represent regular rhythm. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Rhythm Graduated Rhythm The beats of the element become closer or further apart as they move. The windows and door openings in this artist’s rendering represent graduated rhythm. The blue circles lead the viewer’s eye around the page at a varying rate. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Rhythm Random Rhythm The beats of the element are random or are at irregular intervals. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Rhythm Gradated Rhythm The repeated element is identical with the exception of one detail increasing or decreasing gradually with each repetition. The shelves get smaller and smaller. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Emphasis Points of attention in a design. The feature in a design that attracts one’s eye. The focal point. Emphasis can be achieved through size, placement, color and use of lines. The most personal aspect of a design. What draws you’re your attention in the two images? Why? Is it size, placement, color or use of another element? Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Proportion Comparative relationships between elements in a design with respect to size. 3:5 ratio is known as the Golden Mean. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Scale Scale The proportions or size of one part of the image in relationship to the other. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Unity Unity is applying consistent use of lines, color, and texture within a design. To be harmonious. Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Visual Design Principles and Elements Introduction to Engineering Design Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis Unity Project Lead The Way® Copyright 2006

Image Resources Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip Art. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http://office. microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx