From CADjs to 3-D Printing

Area & Volume g = cube(1); g.display(); g = cube(1); g.displayTransparent();

Area & Volume g = cube(1);

Area & Volume g = cube(1).difference(cube(2,0.5,0.5)); g.display();

Area & Volume g1 = cube(1); g2 = cube(2,0.5,0.5); g1.display();

Area & Volume g = cylinder(1,2); g.display(); g = cylinder(1,2); g.displayTransparent();

Area & Volume g = cylinder(1,2); g.display();

Can be edited in Notepad Saving Code e1 = cube(4,3,3); e1 = e1.union(cylinder(1.5,3,32).rotateX(90).translate(-2,0,0)); e1 = e1.difference(cylinder(0.75,3.1,32).rotateX(90).translate(-2,0,0)); e1 = e1.difference(cube(3.5,3,0.75).translate(-2,0,0)); e1=e1.union(cylinder(0.5,2).rotateZ(90).translate(3,0,0)); e1.display(); Saves JavaScript Code Can be edited in Notepad

Recovers the last JavaScript code executed Code Recovery Recovers the last JavaScript code executed

Saving STL Saves Object as .stl Should NOT BE edited g = cube(1); g.display(); Saves Object as .stl Should NOT BE edited

Save as *.stl file Check size of model 3d Printers ~ mm (typical) g = cube(1).difference(cube(2,0.5,0.5)); g.display(); Check size of model 3d Printers ~ mm (typical) Scale if necessary Save stl

Scaling g = cube(1).difference(cube(2,0.5,0.5)); g.scale(10); g.display();

Read STL file into 3D Printer Software Every 3D printer comes with software to read .stl file

Import .stl file XYZware window- import *.stl file

Load model

Resize to fit printer

View Your Model view rotate scale

Print

3-D Printing Boolean Operations

Boolean Subtraction How would you make this object?

Boolean Subtraction g1 = cube(1); g2 = cube(1,0.5,0.5); g2 = g2.translateZ(0.25); g1.display(); g2.displayTransparent(); g1 = cube(1); g2 = cube(1,0.5,0.5); g2 = g2.translateZ(0.25); g1 = g1.difference(g2); g1.display();

Potential Problem Small computation errors can result in slivers! Even $100K CAD systems suffer from this problem!

Easy Solution No slivers! Go past boundary on subtraction! g1 = cube(1); g2 = cube(1.2,0.5,0.6); g2 = g2.translateZ(0.3); g1.display(); g2.displayTransparent(); g1 = cube(1); g2 = cube(1.2,0.5,0.6); g2 = g2.translateZ(0.3); g1 = g1.difference(g2); g1.display(); No slivers!

Boolean Addition How to design? Approach: Create two solids touching each other and union g1 = cube(1); g2 = cube(1,0.5,0.5); g2 = g2.translateZ(0.75); g1 = g1.union(g2); g1.display();

Even $100K CAD systems suffer from this problem! Boolean Addition Problem! Gap due to numerical error! Even $100K CAD systems suffer from this problem!

Easy Solution Overlap for union! No gaps!

3-D Printing Display and Saving

3-D Printing Printer Limitations

Print Direction Layer by layer Oops! Dripping! Solution? No ‘dripping’

Print Direction Drip? Solution? Choose your print direction carefully!

Print Direction Pick the best orientation for Z axis! Drips in all direction! Printer will add support structures

Support Structures

Practical Aspects of 3D Printing #1: Design part to avoid support structures #2: Pick print direction with minimal support structures

Cost of 3D Printing What is the cost of printing? Plastic Metal $10.00 ~ $200.00 per cm^3 Low quality: $0.30 per cm^3 Medium quality: $2.00 per cm^3 Typical Lego Piece: $2.00 + Setup cost High quality: $10.00 per cm^3

Practical Aspects of 3D Printing #1 Design part to avoid support structures #2 Pick print direction with minimal support structures #3 Reduce material usage

Printing Resolution Coarse Medium Fine Printers can be set at different resolution Finer resolutions take more time & cost more!

Practical Aspects of 3D Printing #1 Design part to avoid support structures #2 Pick print direction with minimal support structures #3 Reduce material usage #4 Avoid thin regions