Foundations of Visualization 10/25/2005 Notes ENDS 375 Foundations of Visualization 10/25/2005 Notes 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Kinematics Key Pose Joint Angles Interpolation linear, ease-in/out, splines Forward Kinematics angles for all joints at each key frame Inverse Kinematics manipulate “end effectors” solve for the others (may use constraints) 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Dynamics Simulate Physical Behavior Include “Mass” Include “Forces” gravity, friction, ... Animate by Controlling “Forces” Constraints (variable forces) Collisions 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Particle Systems Particle system is a collection of particles that ‘evolve’ over time Particle - small 3D point mass velocity, color, shape, size, age, … They live - are born, exist, then die 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Particle Systems Particle Emitters the particle sources can be points, curves, sufaces stochastic or random properties age, color, velocity, size, ... 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Particle Systems Controls force fields - gravity, wind, turbulence, vortices, attractors, repulsors, … collisions Rendering - visual substitutions points, lights, spheres, blobbies, sprites, … Basis for hair, grass, etc - trajectories 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Procedural Animation Flocking Systems Individual behaviors rules, environment sensing,… Goal Directed Motion planning Motion implementation Behavioral Animation 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Motion Capture Real time sampling of ‘actors’ Position and orientation sensors Acoustic Magnetic Mechanical Optical Data Channels Filtering 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Crowd Systems Large numbers of ‘extras’ Procedural Action cycles ‘massive’ - LOR 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Facial Animation Facial Expression Lip Sync Shape interpolation Blend shapes Muscle based 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Lessons from Cinematography The language of film a ‘system’ or grammar of visual communication 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Elements of Film Grammar Shots scenes made up of sequences of shots Scenes film is a sequence of scenes Movement camera and ‘actors’ Distances long, full, medium, close, close-up, ... 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Camera Motions static - people move in front of the camera camera moves toward, across or away from ‘static’ actors both camera and actors move 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Camera as the eyes of the audience zoom, pan, tilt dolly, track, crane first person - subjective third person - observer 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Editing Interleaving shots Sequencing the shots and scenes master, long, close-up, … 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Parallel Editing Alternation of two or more centers of interest Show action and then reaction Only include the ‘peak’ moments 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Line of Action or Interest Established by main action or established by relationship of actors 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

The“Triangle” Principle choosing camera placements use a ‘triangular’ structure only on one side of the line of action many variations external reverse angles internal reverse angles parallel, right angle, subjective, ... 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Visual Punctuation Punctuation joins the elements Straight Cuts ‘Opticals’ fades, dissolves, wipes, ... 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Shot Matching When editing shots together need to match screen position, direction of movement, and where actors are‘looking’ 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University Where to ‘cut’ cuts based on actions or movements cut on movement entering, existing, or within screen cut just after movement usually forward, on same visual axis cut-away shot, then back 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Compressing/Expanding Time Cutting out real elapsed time keep only essential action, dialogue, ... Extending time through overlapping shots showing parts of same action again with different points of view, distances, ... 9/17/2018 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University