The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution 1800-1830 Great Britain Transition between the Georgian era and the 19th century developments – Regency Origin in the neoclassicism of the late 18th century Draws its form from the Greek and Rome with a mixture of elements drawn from more exotic resources – Egyptian, Chinese and Moorish History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution REGENCY – John Nash Royal Pavilion in Brighton Mixture of oriental styles with Moorish aspect of onion shaped domes Elaborate chandeliers Chinese wall paper and bamboo furniture Elaborate drapery in red and gold Gilded and carved furniture Carpets in exotic pinks and greens Strong chromatic wall colours History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution REGENCY Furniture Borrowing from ancient Greek and Roman styles and from Egyptian, Indian and Gothic models Mahogany and rose wood Wooden frame painted black And gilded details Round and octagonal dining tables with pedestal bases History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution Romantic desire – poetry, music, art From classicism to emotional expressive direction Perfectionism 1820-1840 GREEK REVIVAL - Germany Das Altes Museum Portico of 18 Ionic columns Supporting an entabulature band History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution GREEK REVIVAL - England Euston Station, London Dignified hall lit by high windows Use of the Ionic order where stairs rise to the doors and the balcony History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution GREEK REVIVAL – United States Customs House, New York Great temple like exterior Inserted around domed hall with an oculus skylight History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution GREEK REVIVAL – United States Row House, New York - 1832 The typical city house in Greek revival style is now called the Merchant’s House Museum The dining room and front parlour are separated by an opening with sliding doors Greek ionic columns flank the opening. Patterned carpet is typical of the period Elaborate window drapery is usual in the home of wealthy people Hanging gas light fixtures belong to later period History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution GOTHIC REVIVAL – United States Trinity Church, New York 1846 Vaulting But made of plaster and not stone Colourful stained glass The interior of this mansion – Gothic Revival Style Pointed arches, paneling, tracery, and crockets executed in wood relate to the leaded glass of the windows Statues stand in niches to the right and left of the window bay Furniture – too related wood style History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution GOTHIC REVIVAL – England This extra ordinary house is an 1823 graving Stained glass, tracery, fan vaulting simulated in plaster Grand spaces with subtle coloring Red carpet, curtains and chair cushions set off the more delicate pink and grey of the painted surfaces History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution GOTHIC REVIVAL – England John Ruskin – Seven lamps of architecture Good design is not merely an aesthetic matter but a matter of moral virtues as well Christina style – only proper and acceptable direction to art and design House of lords, New Palace of Westminster – 1836-52 Gothic ornamental treatment Traceried stained glass Gothic arches Paneled ceiling History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution GOTHIC REVIVAL – England Gothic Revival All Saints, Margaret Street Energy and originality beyond historical limitation The great arches and buttressed half arches have harsh forcefulness Accented by the floor and wall tiles – strong contrasting colours Strong expression History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution Industrial revolution – Britain, European nations and the United States Industrialization 18th century steam engine Invention of iron and steel from mines Industrial Revolution – impact was more technical rather than aesthetic First step towards plumbing, lighting and heating appeared Kitchen ranges Central piped water systems Bath tubs, showers, drain taps, flush toilets Central heating replaced stoves Industrial revolution – Britain, European nations and the United States Illuminating gas Bathroom - a new kind of space, but given minor place in house Kitchen – utilitarian Role of the fireplace diminished History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution Industrial revolution – Iron and Glass Alternative to wood and masonry Need for bridges Engines, railroads, ships and bridges King’s Cross Station, London 1850-2 The semicircular arches supporting glass skylights were originally in wood but later replaced by iron Functional emphasis History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution Contribution of Great Exhibitions To house numerous exhibitors (whose exhibits ranged from simple tools to railway engines and power looms) huge pavilions had to be erected. to be erected quickly and to be dismantled easily as cheap as possible So steel and glass used in the form of prefabricated components contributed a new building type Two Great Exhibitions London – 1851 – Crystal Palace Paris – 1889 – Machine Hall and Eiffel Tower Great World Fairs conducted to celebrate industry, commerce and arts organized by the business world under the royal patronage dedication to the developments of industrial capitalism 14

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution The Crystal Palace erected for the 1st World Fair in 1851 Designed by Joseph Paxton (originally a gardener) famous for his self-taught – green houses prefabricated elements and erected on site landmark of architectural design, anticipating later industrial construction huge transparent box like structure which was glittering from exterior like a crystal. measures nearly 1851’ long and 360’ wide covering a minimum of 98,000 sq.m. Central transept is high enough to accommodate the Hyde Park elms First it was erected in Hyde Park. It was dismantled and rebuilt in Sydenham Hill after some time. It was destroyed by fire in 1936 15

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution The Crystal Palace so made of cast iron. CRYSTAL PALACE, LONDON 16

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution The Crystal Palace Highly decorative chair and dressing table contrast with the innovative modern design of building 17

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution Bibliotheque Nationale, 1868 Henri Labrouste Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris iron construction with slim pillars in pairs, generous skylights flood the room with light 18

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution The Bibliotheque Genevieve, 1850 Henri Labrouste The reading room of the Bibliotheque Genevieve is a great double barrel vaulted hall 19

The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution The Bibliotheque Genevieve, 1850 Henri Labrouste The reading room of the Bibliotheque Genevieve is a great double barrel vaulted hall 20