- + Thermodynamics Thermo = heat or energy dynamics = movement System Surroundings

Open systems - Closed systems + Isolated systems mass and energy Surroundings no exchange

P.E.grav = mass x g x height Energy Internal Energy = E E = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy energy due to motion energy due to position K.E. = 1/2 mv2 P.E.grav = mass x g x height

Kinetic Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy K.E. = 1/2 mv2 K.E. K.E. K.E. K.E. = + + total K.E. translation K.E. rotation K.E. vibration = + + K.E.translation  Temperature (K) degrees of freedom = 3n n = # atoms

Kinetic Energy K.E. = 1/2 mv2 K.E. K.E. K.E. K.E. K.E. = + + total translation K.E. rotation K.E. rotation K.E. vibration = + +

Potential Energy - - - - - P.E.  Q1Q2 r Q = charge r = distance + - r - - Q = charge + + r = distance P.E.total = P.E. n-n + P.E. e-e + P.E. n-e + P.E. IMF - - + +

Potential Energy - - Chemical changes P.E.total = P.E. n-n + P.E. e-e IMF - - + + CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O C H O H O=O O=C=O + +

Potential Energy chemical changes products reactants ( T ) K.E. P.E. reactants products

Potential Energy - P.E.total = P.E. n-n + P.E. n-e e-e IMF + physical changes chemical changes

Potential Energy Physical changes Q1Q2 r Intermolecular forces: ion-ion Na+ Cl- d+ H-bond d- ion-dipole Na+ d- d+ Cl- LDF d+ dipole-dipole d- O=C=O d- d+ d- d+ d-