Circulatory system Revision Chapter 33
Blood vessels Artery: ______________________________________________________ Arteriole: _____________________________________________________ Capillary: _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Venule:________________________________________________ Vein: _____________________________________________________
Circuits in the Circulatory system Pulmonary circuit: __________________________________ _________________________________________________ Pulmonary artery: _______________________________________ Pulmonary vein: ________________________________________ Systemic circuit: ____________________________________ _________________________________________________
Human heart external view
Human heart internal view
Cardiac cycle Cardiac cycle: ______________________________________ _________________________________________________ Diastole: __________phase of the cardiac cycle Systole: ____________phase of the cardiac cycle During the cardiac cycle a “lub-dup” sound is produced “Lub”: ______________are closing “Dup”: ________________________are closing
How does the heart pump rhythmically Sinoatrial (SA) node: cardiac pacemaker; ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Atrioventricular (AV) node: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
How does the heart pump rhythmically
Blood functions ______________________________________________________
Blood consists of…
Blood plasma Plasma: _____________________________________ Mostly water with ___________________________ Function of albumins and other plasma proteins: ___________________________________________________
Blood cells Red blood cell (erythrocyte): ________________________________________________________ White blood cell (lymphocyte): ________________________________________________________ Platelet: cell fragment that helps ______________________ Fibrin: threadlike protein formed during blood clotting from the soluble plasma protein _______________
Platelets
Blood moving through arteries Blood pumped out of _______________ enters arteries The ____________of an artery help keep blood flowing, even when the ventricles relax The bulging of an artery with each ventricular contraction is the _____________ The body adjusts blood flow via the _____________: blood vessels that convey blood from an artery to capillaries Vasodilation: _________ of a blood vessel; smooth muscle __________ Vasoconstriction: _________ of a blood vessel; smooth muscle _____________
Blood moving through veins
Blood pressure Blood pressure: ___________________________________________ Systolic pressure: highest pressure of a cardiac cycle; occurs as ____________ ventricles force blood into the arteries Diastolic pressure: lowest blood pressure of a cardiac cycle; occurs when ventricles are ________________ Normal blood pressure is about __________ mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
Blood pressure
Blood pressure in different blood vessels
What happens at capillaries? Materials move between capillaries: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
Heart problems Arrhythmias: abnormal heart rhythms bradycardia: __________________________________________________ tachycardia: __________________________________________________ atrial fibrillation: _______________________________________________ ventricular fibrillation: is a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ___________in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly Atherosclerosis: ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ A heart attack occurs when a coronary artery is completely blocked
Coronary bypass
Angioplasty