Math Problem A washing machine uses 300 watts each time it is run. The cycle takes one hour. It is run 150 times per year. How much energy does it use.

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Presentation transcript:

Math Problem A washing machine uses 300 watts each time it is run. The cycle takes one hour. It is run 150 times per year. How much energy does it use in one year? First convert to Kilowatts- #watts/1000 = X kw 2. Determine usage: kw product X hours used= X kwh (kilwatt-hours) ANSWER: 300/1000= .3 kw .3 kw x 150 hours/year= 45 kwh/year

Chapter 20 Sustainability, Equity, and Justice

CASE STUDY- NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement (1994) Goal- increase trade among US, Canada, & Mexico by reducing tariffs and taxes (regulations) Result: increase in assembly plants in N. Mexico. Industrial pollution, poor working conditions, areas of poverty resulted Profits from these companies most often go to the home country. Your thoughts?

The Marketplace ALL based on natural capital! There is no emotion, values, or ethics

COST of a good is based on SUPPLY and DEMAND Demand- considers income, cost of good, # of people who want the good…… Supply- considers cost of resources to produce, expectations on future prices, and # people selling product.

Supply and Demand Law of Demand- as price of good ↑, quantity demanded ↓; when price ↓ then quantity demanded ↑. Law of Supply- as price of good ↑, quantity supplied ↑; when price ↓ then quantity supplied ↓.

The Laws of Supply and Demand The demand curve slopes downwards because as the price of the good rises, the demand declines.

Externalities The COSTS OR IMPACT of a good/ service on people/environment. This is not included in the price of that good/service. EX: the medical expenses incurred by exposure to the plant’s pollution ULTIMATELY THIS WOULD RAISE PRICE AND LOWER DEMAND

Wealth and Productivity What is the status of country’s “wealth”, health, and stability? GDP (Gross Domestic Product) (Value of PRODUCTION/GOODS/SERVICES) As GDP increases, POP. growth slows and Standard of living increases.

Wealth and Productivity- A Better Measure GPI (Genuine Progress Indicator)- includes the health of the people (education, income) and welfare of the environment (pollution, resource depletion) NOT just the value of products/goods/services Note- European countries are using GPI and found overall wealth is declining.

Kuznets Curve Model suggests that as a country’s per capita increases, environmental degradation INCREASES then DECREASES China U.S.

Technology Transfer Leap Frogging- Developing countries can take advantage without having to invest in research or the infrastructure. Ex: Cell Phones Solar Panels

Capital Natural capital- natural resources Human capital- human knowledge Manufactured capital- goods and services produced

Market Failure When the market does not account for EXTERNALITIES- overuse and degradation. Environmental & Ecological Economics- address market failure.

Sustainable Economic Systems Cradle to Cradle Use your wastes as raw materials for new products Use RAW/VIRGIN materials sparingly

NIKE AND SUSTAINABILITY Cradle to Grave Program created. Use water based adhesives instead of solvents that have high [VOCs] Reuse a shoe program Nike Grind use to make artificial turf, basketball courts…..

Dilema: Jobs versus the environment! ANTHROPOCENTRIC: Human Centered Why care for the environment if there is poverty and injustice? ECOCENTRIC: Earth-Centered Why focus on humans suffering when a depleted environment can NOT support human health and well-being?

Precautionary Principle Choose a harmless alternative when an action is uncertain. “Environmental Uncertainty” Ex: 1987 Montreal Protocol Global elimination of CFCs that scientists thought were destroying the O3 layer in the Stratosphere.

First Earth Day- April 22, 1970 Santa Barbara Oil Spill (1969)- Rachel Carson 11 days, 200,000 gallons of crude oil spilled into channel “Silent Spring” 1962 Wrote about Nature being compromised by PESTICIDES- DDT. Her findings weren’t new but she was FIRST to share them with public.

Green Tax Tax placed on environmentally harmful activities or emissions. Goal to reduce activity. Ex: Gasoline Tax, SO2 permits, Carbon tax

Environmental Justice The inequitable distribution of pollution and of environmental degradation to poor areas. Oil refinery row Corpus Christi. Large Hispanic population lives in area.