Cardiovascular system: Heart and blood vessels

Two parts: Heart Blood vessels Arteries - away Capillaries –exchange Veins – to

Two circuits: Pulmonary – to and from lungs Systemic – to and from body

Functions of the cardiovascular system: Blood pressure O2 rich from O2 poor 1 way flow –valves Gas exchange – tissues and lungs

arteries (arterioles), capillaries, veins (venules) artery blood flow valve precapillary sphincter Blood vessels: arteries (arterioles), capillaries, veins (venules)

External Anatomy heart sternum lung left cardiac vein right coronary artery Left coronary artery pericardium Right atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle

Internal Anatomy pulmonary vein semilunar valves aorta left atrium right atrium septum left ventricle right ventricle

Passage of blood through the heart

Cardiac cycle semilunar valves close (“dup”) pulmonary vein superior vena cava valves pulmonary vein aorta right atrium ventricle a. b. atrio ventricular (AV) (“lub”) c. inferior left

Intrinsic and Extrinsic control of heart beat SA node AV node branches of atrioventricular bundle Purkinje fibers

Features: Blood pressure Pulse What keeps blood moving in: Arteries Capillaries veins

What keeps blood moving in: Arteries Capillaries Veins Skeletal muscle pump Respiratory pump valves

Exchange at capillaries from heart Arterial End Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure. Net pressure out. water oxygen amino acids Tissue Fluid glucose carbon dioxide wastes arteriole smooth muscle fiber blood pressure osmotic pressure plasma protein Venous End Osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure. Net pressure in. venule to heart salt

Cardiovascular Pathways

Arteries and veins to know

Exceptions…