Markup Languages Gilok Choi 9/17/2018 Selling your ideas is challenging. First, you must get your listeners to agree with you in principle. Then, you must move them to action. Use the Dale Carnegie Training® Evidence – Action – Benefit formula, and you will deliver a motivational, action-oriented presentation. Gilok Choi 9/17/2018

What is “markup” ? “markup” –annotation or other marks eg) wavy underlining, special symbols special markup codes in electronic texts encoding a text for computer process a process of directing the user as to how the content of the text should be interpreted markup languages a set of markup conventions used for encoding texts 9/17/2018

1.SGML(Standard Generalized markup language) international standard for marked up electronic text meta language used for defining other markup languages known as a format used in publishing printed documents, multimedia CD- ROMS 9/17/2018

1.SGML(Standard Generalized markup language) formal syntax for entities, elements and attributes Document Type Definition (DTD) : allow the computer to check the structure of a document formal languages pass information on part of a document to another computer system not a standardized way of coding text 9/17/2018

1.SGML(Standard Generalized markup language) functions link files together to form composite documents Identify where illustrations are to be incorporated into text files add editorial comments to a file provide information to supporting programs transferable to any hardware and software environments 9/17/2018

2. HTML (hyper text markup language) an application of SGML developed as a tagging scheme for web pages Browser interpret it and show formatted document created as a Esperanto for computer in 1989 CERN research lab Since 1995, W3C govern the development standardization provide standardized setting 9/17/2018

2. HTML (hyper text markup language) prevalence of sloppy markup practices missing elements new kinds of browser: digital TVs, handhelds, and phones pressure to subset for simple/ richer clients combining HTML with tag sets Math, Vector Graphics, meta data … 9/17/2018

3. XML (Extensible Markup Language) HTML problems: standardization W3C set up a working group (XWG) for a new standard in 1996 SGML complex to implement contains features that are rarely used weak support for different character sets difficulty in interpreting an SGML without DTD 9/17/2018

3. XML (Extensible Markup Language) released in 1996 simplified version of SGML interoperability with both SGML and HTML entities, element and properties same function as SGML transferable to any environments 9/17/2018

3. XML (Extensible Markup Language) allow customized markup language encode information specifically suited to users’ topic provide processing control information to supporting programs not require DTD : default DTD working with database object-oriented and hierarchical in nature 9/17/2018

4. XHTML (extensible hyper text markup language) successor of HTML emerged to improve HTML’s problems reformulation of HTML based on XML reproduce, subset and extend HTML designed to work with XML–based user agents compatible with existing HTML 9/17/2018

4. XHTML (extensible hyper text markup language) XHTML Family Name of a family document type, not the name of a single markup language differences with HTML come from difference between SGML and XML document must be well-formed element and attribute name in lower case element and attributes written in full 9/17/2018

4. XHTML (extensible hyper text markup language) accommodate XML extension easily converted to another document type easily searched and manipulated easily combining new and existing feature sets interoperability alternate ways of accessing the internet usable by any XHTML-conforming user agent next generation forms features: improve database and workflow applications 9/17/2018

5. DHTML (dynamic HTML) not an identified technology marketing term coined by Netscape and Microsoft to describe dynamic capabilities of their browsers combination of technologies for dynamic content: javaScript, HTML, CSS 9/17/2018

5. DHTML (dynamic HTML) control how the html displays the web content react and change with the actions of the visitor (interactivity) hide and show content as needed position elements in the window 9/17/2018

reference Bryan M. An introduction to the standard generalized markup language(SGML) [On-line]. available: http://www.personal.u-net.com/~sgml/sgml.htm  Bryan M. (1997) An introduction to the extensible markup language(XML) [On-line]. http://www.personal.u-net.com/~sgml/xmlintro.htm  Castro, E.C. (1998) HTML for the world wide web. Peachpit Press.  Garshol, L.M (1999) An Introduction to XML[On-line]. Available: http://www.garshol.priv.no/download/text/xml-intro/index-en.html  Naggum E. (1995) What is SGML [On-line]. available: http://xml.coverpages.org/naggumWhat.html  Raggett D. (1999) XHTML [On-line]. available: http://www.w3.org/Talks/1999/03/24- stockholm-xhtml   Teague, J.C. DHTML for the world wide web. Peachpit Press. 9/17/2018