Ecological Tipping Points

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Presentation transcript:

Ecological Tipping Points “An ecological threshold is the point at which a relatively small change in external conditions causes a rapid change in an ecosystem.” ©Darragh Doyle Voice over by Aaron Hickey

Causes of tipping points Trophic cascades Climate change Habitat loss

Trophic Cascades X X X X X X

Climate change CO2 pH ⁰C

Habitat Destruction: Knock On Effects

Environmental and anthropogenic Implications:

Existing research

Other examples of potential Global ecological tipping points Amazon Rainforest Boreal Forest West Atlantic Ice Sheet Greenland Ice Sheet Arctic Sea Ice Thermohaline Circulation Other examples of potential Global ecological tipping points West African Monsoon The Himalayas Indian Summer Monsoon Permafrost El Nino Southwest American Drought

Bibliography Cury, P.M., Boyd, I.L., Bonhommeau, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Crawford, R.J.M., Furness, R.W., Mills, J.A., Murphy, E.J., Oesterblom, H., Paleczny, M., Piatt, J.F., Roux, J.-P., Shannon, L., & Sydeman, W.J. (2011). Global Seabird Response to Forage Fish Depletion-One-Third for the Birds. Science 334(6063), 1703-1706. Encyclopedia Britannica, (2015). trophic cascade | ecology. [online] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/science/trophic-cascade [Accessed 19 Nov. 2015]. Ferraro, K. 2016. Global Coral ‘bleaching threatens reef survival. Medill news service. Available at: http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/global-coral-bleaching-event-threatens-reefs-survival/ [Accessed 21/11/2016] Klappenbach, and Klappenbach, L. (2015). Habitat Loss, Fragmentation, and Destruction. [online] About.com Education. Available at: http://animals.about.com/od/h/g/habitat-destruction.htm [Accessed 19 Nov. 2015]. Lenton, T.M., 2011. Early warning of climate tipping points. Nature Climate Change, 1(4), pp.201–209. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1143. Möllmann, C. & Diekmann, R., 2012. Marine Ecosystem Regime Shifts Induced by Climate and Overfishing. A Review for the Northern Hemisphere, Nature Education, (2015). Schematic of a three-level trophic cascade.. [image] Available at: http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/trophic-cascades-across-diverse-plant-ecosystems-80060347 [Accessed 19 Nov. 2015]. NOAA. 2016. US Depaartment of Commerce. Available at: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral_bleach.html [Accessed 18/11/2016]

Recommended Reading DUARTE, C. M., AGUSTI, S., WASSMANN, P., ARRIETA, J. M., ALCARAZ, M., COELLO, A., MARBA, N., HENDRIKS, I. E., HOLDING, J., GARCIA-ZARANDONA, I., KRITZBERG, E. & VAQUE, D. 2012. Tipping Elements in the Arctic Marine Ecosystem. Ambio, 41, 44-55. ESLAMI-ANDERGOLI, L., DALE, P. E. R., KNIGHT, J. M. & MCCALLUM, H. 2015. Approaching tipping points: a focused review of indicators and relevance to managing intertidal ecosystems. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 23, 791-802. HORAN, R. D., FENICHEL, E. P., DRURY, K. L. S. & LODGE, D. M. 2011. Managing ecological thresholds in coupled environmental-human systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 7333-7338. HUNTINGTON, H. P., GOODSTEIN, E. & EUSKIRCHEN, E. 2012. Towards a Tipping Point in Responding to Change: Rising Costs, Fewer Options for Arctic and Global Societies. Ambio, 41, 66-74. LENTON, T. M. 2011. Early warning of climate tipping points. Nature Climate Change, 1, 201-209. Cury, P.M., Boyd, I.L., Bonhommeau, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Crawford, R.J.M., Furness, R.W., Mills, J.A., Murphy, E.J., Oesterblom, H., Paleczny, M., Piatt, J.F., Roux, J.-P., Shannon, L., & Sydeman, W.J. (2011). Global Seabird Response to Forage Fish Depletion-One-Third for the Birds. Science 334(6063), 1703-1706.