Wireless Sensor Networks: Instrumenting the Physical World Deborah Estrin UCLA Computer Science Department and USC/ISI http://lecs.cs.ucla.edu/estrin destrin@cs.ucla.edu Collaborative work with SCADDS researchers Heidemann, Govindan, Bulusu, Cerpa, Elson, Ganesan, Girod, Intanagowat, Yu, and Zhao (USC/ISI and UCLA); and Shenker (ACIRI) 9/17/2018

The long term goal Embed numerous distributed devices to monitor and interact with physical world: in work-spaces, hospitals, homes, vehicles, and “the environment” (water, soil, air…) Disaster Response Circulatory Net Network these devices so that they can coordinate to perform higher-level tasks. Requires robust distributed systems of hundreds or thousands of devices. 9/17/2018

Vision Embed large numbers of small, low-power, computationally powerful, communicating devices... Communicate to correlate and coordinate Design, deploy, and control robust distributed systems composed of hundreds or thousands of physically-embedded devices 9/17/2018

Super Sensing Supercomputing and computational science qualitatively altered science and engineering by making it practical to analyze what was not previously practical Distributed micro-sensing now makes it practical to measure and monitor what was not previously practical--radically increases the spatial and temporal density of in situ monitoring 9/17/2018

In the laboratory Marine Biology Contaminant flows e.g., correlate samples with temperature, salinity, etc. Contaminant flows Measure flows without disrupting process Bio-Tank -scaled Tethered Robot Algae 2 meters 9/17/2018

In the Field Habitat studies Environmental monitoring Sensors Inner wall of storm drain Sensors Habitat studies Environmental monitoring 9/17/2018

Model Development and Validation Seismic activity in urban centers Atmospheric monitoring in heterogeneous regions Oceanographic current monitoring Coastal ocean networks 9/17/2018 www.argo.ucsd.edu Topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov

Complex Structures Seismic response in buildings Bridges Aircraft Photocopiers Transportation “Computational Fabric” Sensors 9/17/2018

New Constraints Tight coupling to the physical world Need better physical models More experimentation Designing for energy constraints Coping with “apparent” loss of layering Radio…to MAC…to routing…to application 9/17/2018

New Design Goals Designing for long-lived (and often energy-constrained) systems Low-duty cycle operation Exploiting redundancy Tiered architectures Self configuring systems Measure and adapt to unpredictable RF and sensing environment Exploit spatial diversity of sensor/actuator nodes Localization and Time synchronization are key building blocks 9/17/2018

Technical challenges Ad hoc, self organizing, adaptive systems with predictable behaviors Collaborative processing, data fusion, multiple sensory modalities Data analysis/mining to identify collaborative sensing, triggering thresholds, etc 9/17/2018

Enormous Potential Impact Disaster Recovery and Urban Rescue Earth Science Exploration Condition Based Maintenance Medical monitoring Wearable computing Networked Embedded Systems Smart spaces Transportation Environmental Monitoring Active Structures Biological Monitoring Strand Stand Bio-Tank -scaled Tethered Robot Algae 9/17/2018 Sensors 2 meters