Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Chapter 1 What is Biomechanics? Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition What is biomechanics? mechanics bio The term biomechanics combines the prefix bio, meaning “life,” with the field of mechanics, which is the study of the actions of forces, (both internal muscle forces and external forces.) In biomechanics we analyze the mechanical aspects of living organisms. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Sub-branches of biomechanics: statics: study of systems in constant motion, (including zero motion) dynamics: study of systems subject to acceleration kinematics: study of the appearance or description of motion kinetics: study of the actions of forces (Force can be thought of as a push or pull acting on a body.) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition What is kinematics? What we visually observe of a body in motion is called the kinematics of the movement. Kinematics is the study of the size, sequencing, and timing of movement, without regard for the forces that cause or result from the motion. The kinematics of an exercise or a sport skill is known, more commonly, as form or technique. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition What is kinetics? Kinetics is the study of forces, including internal forces (muscle forces) and external forces (the forces of gravity and the forces exchanged by bat and ball). Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Kinesiology What is kinesiology? Athletic training Exercise physiology Adapted physical education Biomechanics Sport psychology Sport philosophy Motor behavior Sport art Pedagogy Sport history Kinesiology is the study of human movement. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition What is sports medicine? Sports Medicine Cardiac rehabilitation Exercise physiology Athletic training Biomechanics Other medical specialties Sport psychology Sport nutrition Motor control Physical therapy Sports medicine is an umbrella term that encompasses both clinical and scientific aspects of exercise and sport. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

What questions or problems are studied by biomechanists? Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

What questions are studied by biomechanists? When not subject to gravitational force, astronauts lose significant amounts of bone mass. (Bone atrophies when not subjected to forces.) Exercise, however, is known to increase bone mass. So what kinds of exercise should astronauts do while in space in order to preserve as much bone as possible? Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

What questions are studied by biomechanists? Whether lifting weights or lifting boxes in industry, the act of lifting places major mechanical stress on the low back. What lifting kinematics (techniques) can minimize this stress? Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

What questions are studied by biomechanists? How do toddlers learn to balance their torsos on little legs unaccustomed to walking? (This question spans the fields of biomechanics, motor learning, and motor development.) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

What questions are studied by biomechanists? Pitching can lead to stress injuries of the elbow and shoulder joints. What pitching technique characteristics minimize the mechanical stresses to these joints? Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

What questions are studied by biomechanists? Recreational runners, as well as athletes in many sports, often stretch before a work out. Does this actually help or hinder performance? (Increasing evidence suggests the latter…) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

What questions are studied by biomechanists? What biomechanical elements of running technique enable some sprinters to dominate over others who are just as well trained and have just as strong physiological attributes? Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Qualitative vs. Quantitative: qualitative: pertaining to quality (without the use of numbers) For example: strong, skillful, agile, flexible, fast quantitative: involving numbers For example: running speed = 5 m/s height = 1.75 m mass = 68.2 kg Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Qualitative vs. Quantitative: Quantitatively, the robot missed the coffee cup by 15 cm. Qualitatively, he malfunctioned. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Qualitative vs. Quantitative: Coaches rely heavily on qualitative observations of athletes’ performances in formulating advice about technique. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Steps in Solving Formal Quantitative Problems: Read the problem carefully. List the given information. Write down what quantity is to be solved for. Draw a diagram of the problem situation. Select the appropriate formula to use. Review the problem statement to determine if more information can be inferred. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Steps in Solving Formal Quantitative Problems: Substitute the given information into the formula. Solve the equation for the unknown variable. Do a “common sense” check of the answer. Box in your answer, including the correct units of measurement. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.