Political Boundaries USA WWII Roman Empire

Four Types of Boundary Formation Antecedent boundary – existed before human settlement of the area. Andes Ohio R. Himalayas

4 Types of Boundary Formation Consequent(Subsequent) boundary – develop along with the development of the cultural landscape. As the cultural landscape develops, the border was drawn to accommodate religious, cultural, and economic differences. Northern Ireland & the Republic of Ireland USA & Canada

Superimposed (subsequent) boundary – is a political boundary that ignores the existing cultural organization on the landscape. It is usually placed by a higher authority, such as a superpower or a delegation of superpowers, to satisfy that authority’s needs rather than the needs of the area. N.Korea and S. Korea by U.N. Division of Ireland by British Partition of India by British Creation of Israel by U.N. MOST OF AFRICA

Relic boundary – this is a boundary that no longer exists, but its impact is still felt and seen on the landscape. East Germany and West Germany Great Wall of China NORTH vs. SOUTH

The creation of boundaries There are four steps in the growth of boundaries into final form Definition is the phase in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated. Delimitation is the step when the boundary’s definition is drawn on a map

The creation of boundaries Demarcation is the visible marking of a boundary on the landscape with a fence, line, sign, wall, etc. Great Wall of China (relic boundary) Berlin Wall (relic boundary) not all boundaries are marked ($$$$)

The creation of boundaries Administration is the enforcement by a government or people of the boundary that has been created. USA & CANADA North Korea and South Korea demilitarized zone along the 38th parallel

Type of boundary? Physical boundaries – natural features such as lakes, rivers, mountains, deserts, peninsulas, etc. US & Canada –Great Lakes US & Mexico – Rio Grande Chile and Argentina & Ecuador and Brazil – Andes

-Longest border in the world Type of boundary? Geometric boundaries - latitude and longitude features or straight lines Most of the US and Canada boundary – 49th parallel -Longest border in the world -Un-militarized 5,525 miles long (1,538 mi.-Alaska)

Type of boundary? Cultural boundaries (can follow geometric of physical lines) – language, religion, ethnicity India and Pakistan

North and South Korea

Four types of boundary disputes Definitional (territorial) boundary disputes – arise from the legal language of the treaty’s definition of the boundary. One of the countries involved will usually sue another country in the International Court of Justice (World Court) which will try to determine what was intended when the boundaries were initially described.

Four types of boundary disputes Locational (positional) boundary disputes – arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is. In these cases, the border has shifted, and the original intention of the boundary is called into question.

Four types of boundary disputes Operational (functional) boundary disputes – occur when two countries next to each other disagree on the major issue involving the administration of the border. US and Mexico disagree over the issue of illegal immigration into the United States. Both sides agree where the border is but cannot agree on how to handle border crossing.

Four types of boundary disputes Allocation (resource) boundary disputes – do not question the boundary itself but rather the use of it. They usually involve some type of natural resources, often in the open ocean and/or under the ground. For example, when an aquifer extends across a boundary, who has dominant rights to the water? Or who has the right to drill for oil out at sea? Colorado R.

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