CHAPTER 14 (n) CHAPTER 25 (0) Class Notes POLITICAL CULTURE AND THE EVOLVING STATE

III. RELATIVE LOCATION LANDLOCKED – Surrounded by other lands, no sea / ocean access EXCLAVE / ENCLAVE DEFENSE RESOURCES TRANSPORTATION

BOUNDARY Not just a line on the ground Vertical Plane (diagram pg. 212) Cuts deep into the ground and far up into the air Rights to drill oil, mine coal / airspace

Evolution of Boundary (3 stages) 1. DEFINITION – treaty-like definition on the landscape agreed upon 2. DELIMITATION – Put line on the map officially 3. DEMARCATION – Making the Boundary known – fences, markers, signs

FRONTIER – Territorial cushion which keeps rivals apart

Types of Boundaries GEOMETRIC – Lines, unrelated to physical landscape PHYSICAL (Natural) POLITICAL – Using natural landscape (A river) CULTURAL POLITICAL – Cultural breaks in the landscape (language, religion)

Inter-Faith Boundary!!!

Richard Hartshorne Origin (Genetic) Boundary Classification Antecedent – Existed before settlement occurred Example: ? 49th parallel separating the U.S. and Canada.

Relic – Ceased to function Still can be detected on the cultural landscape. Example: ? The Berlin Wall

Subsequent – Established after the settlement Accommodate cultural differences Adjusted as the cultural landscape changes. Example: ??? Former Yugoslavia Countries

Superimposed – Imposed on an area by a conquering power Ignores existing cultures Satisfy demands of the superpower. Example: ??? The division of African countries by the British.

Boundary Disputes Locational – interpretation of where boundary is actually drawn The dispute between Jews and Muslims in Palestine about where the boundary should be. 2. Operational – how the border should function (controlling migration / immigration) the United States and Mexico disagree over the issue of illegal immigration into the U.S.

3. Allocational – Who has the rights to a resource Oil dispute between Iraq and Kuwait. 4. Definitional – focus on legal language of agreement The boundary between Chile and Argentina was supposed to follow the “highest peaks of the Andes Mountains;” however, they almost went to war after discovering oil and gas deposits in the disputed area. Put it all together… it’s a L.O.A.D.!