Final Exam Review CORC 1332 NET 1A & 1B Exam will be Tuesday 5/24/2011 from 3:30-5:30 pm Please note: our room was changed to 3127 Ingersoll!! Bring with you a pen or pencil, calculator, ruler, string and protractor (optional) during the final. No cell phones or other electronics devices are allowed. Review Session with George and Peter: 5/12/2011 room 2127N from 6:30-8 pm Office Hours: Michelle 12:30-1:30 pm 5/10 and 5/17

Study Guide, Minerals Know how to use a chart of mineral properties to identify an unknown mineral. See: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_identification_charts_instructions.html Know the difference between a rock and a mineral. See: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rocks_def.html and http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_def.html Review mineral properties from the resource table at: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_invest_intro.html **Be sure you are thoroughly familiar with the introductory web page for each mineral property Review mineral families at: http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/minerals/mineral_families.html

BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties ►KNOW HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A MINERAL. Density or specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Density = Weight/Volume 1) Begin by recording the weight of the specimen, in this case 155.8 grams. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT 3

Density or specific gravity Review for Exam 1 Mineral Properties ►HOW TO CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A MINERAL. Density or specific gravity 2) The amount of water displaced is 20ml = 20cc (920-900) 3) Divide 155.8g/20cc = 7.79 g/cc. So, the density of the minerals is 7.79g/cc. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT 4

BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Review for Maps You will be responsible to answer similar questions as you had on your map assignment. This includes: --Determining stream direction --Labeling contours --Finding the gradient --Determining azimuth direction --How to use the different scale bars to determine distance http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/contourmaps_menu.html http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/scale-direction-ex2.htm BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Determine Direction of Stream Flow Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R In what general direction is the stream flowing? Answer: From West to East (The legs of the letter V give you the direction of flow) Protractor used to determine azimuth readings BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Distance Between Two Points Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 1) We measure the scale with the ruler and now we know that 1.5 cm = 100 miles Protractor What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles? BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Distance Between Two Points Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 2) We measure the distance between the two points that is 8.5 cm = x miles Protractor What is the straight line distance between points Q and T in miles? BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Distance Between 2 Points Calculations BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Scale bar length = 100 miles Maps: Distance Between 2 Points (MILES) Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Answer: The distance between points Q and T is 567 miles. Protractor BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Gradient of a Steam Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Protractor What is the average gradient of the stream between points R and T? Begin by measuring the length of the stream. Lay carefully a string along the course of the river. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Gradient of a Steam 2) Measure the string with a ruler, in this case the measurement is 5 4/16 or 5 ¼ inches. * After completing the calculations (on the left) the distance measured by the ruler is 884 miles (this is your horizontal distance). *19/32 inches = length of scale bar BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Gradient of a Steam Scale bar length = 100 miles Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R Next, Measure the heights of points R and T. Label the contours taking into account the contour interval = 50 ft and the elevation of point Q = 583 ft Protractor 500 500 f= 600 ft h= 650 ft k= 650 ft BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Gradient of a Steam Protractor Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 500 2)Measure the heights of points R and T and find the difference between them (this is your vertical difference). R = 500 ft, T = 400 ft Difference is 100ft. 500 f=600 h= 650 ft k= 650 ft BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Maps: Gradient of a Steam To Calculate Gradient: ►Remember: Gradient or steepness between two points is the difference in elevation (ED) divided by the horizontal distance (HD): To Calculate Gradient: (Using the numbers from the previous slides) ED (difference in elevation)= 100 feet HD (horizontal distance) = 884 miles 100ft 884miles = 0.11 feet/mile Gradient= ED = HD *Gradient is equivalent to slope (m=y/x)* BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Maps Protractor Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 500 500 What is the elevation (in feet) of contour ‘d’? Answer: 400 ft BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT Maps Protractor Scale bar length = 100 m Contour Interval = 50 feet Elevation of point Q = 583 feet Start Point: Q End Point: R 500 500 What is the elevation of contour ‘k’? Answer: 650 feet BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

What is the differences between the two? What is an outcrop? What is bedrock? What is the differences between the two? ►Bedrock is a layer of undisturbed rock usually located beneath a surface layer of soil or other material. ►A surface exposure of bedrock is called an outcrop. http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/nyc_mins2/bedrock_rollover.html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Locations w/in the NYC Metropolitan Area Know all of the locations marked on the map. http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/geog_nyc_menu2.html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Longitude and Latitude Any point on a line of latitude is its position North or South of the equator. Any point on a line of longitude is its position East or West of the Prime Meridian. http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/latlong_menu.html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Longitude and Latitude Determining the latitude and longitude of a point What is the latitude and longitude at point J? Answer: Latitude (Horizontal) 5o 59’ 45” North Longitude (Vertical) 71o 00’ 00” West http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/maps/lat_long.html BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Longitude and Latitude What is the latitude and longitude at point H? For the latitude: (pink arrows) We see that point H is between 5o 59’ 45” and 6o 00’ 00” so we have 15” in between. We take half of 15” which is about 8” and add those 8” to 45” to get a latitude of 5o 59’ 53”. For the longitude: (green arrows) We see that point H lies between 71o 00’ 00” and 71o 00’ 45” so we have 45” in between. Take half of 45” which is about 23” so we add those seconds to 00” to get a longitude 71o 00’ 23”. BROOKLYN COLLEGE GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Plate Tectonics Be familiar with the evidence Alfred Wegener cited to support the hypothesis of continental drift at http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec3.htm Understand the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec8.htm Know the contraction theory of mountain building, shown at http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec5.htm Understand what paleomagnetism is. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec7.htm Understand how the idea of convection cells is applied to the movements of crust and mantle. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec10.htm. Know where the heat causing this movement comes from. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec12.htm Be thoroughly familiar with the characteristics of the different types of plate boundaries. You will have to review several web pages, starting with http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec14.htm When you review the section on earthquakes and volcanism, starting at http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec16.htm, be conscious of which tectonic setting are associated with both kinds of event and which are associated with only one. Be sure you know what causes earthquakes. Be familiar with the phenomenon of intraplate volcanoes at http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec17.htm Know the difference between the various types of earthquake waves and how the epicenter of an earthquake is located. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/plates/platetec18.htm

Fourth Dimension 1. Review your Fourth Dimension assignment (short answer portion) 2. Know the difference between Law of Superposition, unconformities, Law of Horizontality and how to apply them when looking at a cross section. See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec8.html 3. Review transportation and depositional processes involving sediments See http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_comp_sedimentary2.html 4. How to determine rock origin http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_origin_determine.html 5. Understand the differences in the texture of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Terms to know (Texture, Crystalline, Clastic, glass, vesicular, non-vesicular) For example: If a geologist finds in the field a rock with poorly sorted grains with a clastic texture what class of rock would it belong too? Ans. Sedimentary http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rock_texture.html http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/rocks_conclusions.html

DECIPHERING A SAMPLE OF EARTH HISTORY You will be given an example very similar to this and have to determine: --the sequence of events --appropriate law (ex. The relative age of Intrusion C and fault F-F can be determined by? Ans. Cross-cutting relationships.) http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec8.html --determine the age of a layer based on information given http://www.brooklyncollegegeology.com/fourth/froshlec10.html --Know what an unconformity represents.