Muscular System

The Muscular System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVL-8zr2hk4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pa5mj6ifCz4

Functions Movement ____________ ___________ Store and move substances ____________ ___________ Produce heat Store and move substances Stores food in stomach and pumps blood through the body. Heat is produced to maintain normal body temp

Properties of Muscle Tissue Excitable Contracts Responds to __________ Elastic stimuli Excitable: Electric (Electrical stimulation from heart’s pacemaker) , chemically (hormones) Elastic (extends beyond resting length but returns to arresting state.

Types of Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal 2. Smooth 3. Cardiac Which type(s) are under voluntary control? Only skeletal muscle The word “striated” means striped. Skeletal muscle appears striped under a microscope. Discuss function and location of each

Fascia Separate individual ____________ Form tendons muscles

Structure of Muscles     Muscles are composed of many _________ that are arranged in bundles called ___________ fibers fascicles

Myofibrils Made up of ACTIN = thin filaments MYOSIN = thick filaments

Continued Form dark and light bands A band = dArk • thick (myosin) I band = lIght • thIn (actin)

Table Talk fascicles myofibrils myofilaments actin myosin

B C A E D F

How muscles work with the nervous system Neuromuscular junction- Synapitc cleft – Neruotranmistters- NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION - where a nerve and muscle fiber come together SYNAPTIC VESICLES - where neurotransmitters are stored Neruotranmistters *these are released into the cleft and tell the muscle to contract

How Muscles Work with the Nervous System

Activation of Muscles Acetylcholine (Ach) Na+ Action potential The neurotransmitter that crosses the gap is ACETYLCHOLINE. This is what activates the muscle. Activation of Muscles Nerve impulse releases __________________ ______ is released and moves into the muscle. _____________ creates a muscle contraction. Acetylcholine (Ach) Na+ Action potential Acetylcholine is stored in vesicles. Once in the synapse Ach binds to the receptor this causes Na to be released. The influx of Na+ creates an action potential.

The Sarcomere

Muscle Contractions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVuW560nRII

Sliding Filament Theory/Model States that the contraction of a muscle occurs as the thin filament slide past the thick filaments. What is needed: ATP Calcium Myosin & Actin Acetylcholine Cholinesterase

Sliding Filament Theory/Model Binding of Ca+ Cross bridge formation Power Stroke Detachment Cross bridge forms = actin and myosin bind Power stroke = Myosin heads bend and pull actin.

The science behind fainting goats These goats have myotonia congenital, a delayed relaxation of the skeletal muscles after voluntary contraction, electrical stimulation, or even being startled.

Energy for Muscles ATP is produced by __________________ * Only 25% of energy produced during cellular respiration is used in metabolic processes - the rest is in the form of HEAT. maintains body temperature. ATP is produced by __________________ Occurs in the mitochondria Creatine phosphate increases _____________ of ATP cellular respiration regeneration Body does not store a lot ATP, when your muscles start working the body must make ATP right away. To counter act this, the body uses creatine (which is broken down into ATP). Creatine is found in muslces (the meat we eat). Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is used to maintain body temp. Only 25% of it goes towards metabolic processes.

Muscle Hypertrophy Cell enlargement Attainted by _____________ Weight lifting Muscle repair Cell enlargement results in the appearance of larger muscles. Creatine pulls water into muscles, this makes muscle look larger. This is due to water weight gain and not actual muscle mass.

Table Talk Explain why fainting goats muscles “freeze”. Why might products like pro-creatine claim to increase energy? Creatine pulls water into muscles, this makes muscle look larger. This is due to water weight gain and not actual muscle mass.

Muscle Fatigue Depletion of essential materials __________________ Body utilizes anaerobic respiration Lactic acid is produced Muscles can’t _________ Creates O2 debt Lactic acid is a by product of anaerobic respiration (when ATP is made in the absence of O2). Anaerobic respiration= ATP made without O2. Lactic acid indicator = burning sensation contract

Anaerobic Respiration and Exercise Does not always detrimental Can be _________ Body pushed to threshold beneficial This allows for the body to builds strength and muscle mass. Utilizes the energy made by your muscles (ATP from lactic acid) Aerobic exercise uses energy stored in the body. Cannot sustain this type of exercise very long.

Slow twitch vs Fast twitch Contract slowly ___________________ Fast twitch Contract quickly _________________ Work for a long time Slow twitch muscles are used for endurance activity (marathon runners), use fat as a fuel source Slow twitch muscles are used for rapid movement (sprinter), use sugar as a fuel source Which type of runner (sprinter vs marathon runner) would have lean muscles? Why? Get tired fast

Table Talk Does heavy weight lifting and HIIT training burn fat? Why or why not? Is it true that the muscles in your writing hand are slightly larger then the muscles in your non-writing hand? Explain your reasoning.

Naming of Muscles Use six characteristics: Direction Size Shape Action Number of origins Location Which characteristic(s) were used to name the pectoralis major? Using the characteristics to name muscles, describe the rectus femoris.

Sternocleiodomastoid Muscle

Major Muscles of the Body

Which muscle(s) are being used? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhV7_qncdWE

Which muscle(s) are being used?

Which muscle(s) are being used? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAOy4KggUTc

Which muscle(s) are being used?

Muscular System Project Hans and Frans http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/pumping-up-with-hans-andamp-franz/n9619 8 minute ABS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfwnCDvd1WA P90x https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSFhm_qmq7E