Endosialin (Tem1) Is a Marker of Tumor-Associated Myofibroblasts and Tumor Vessel- Associated Mural Cells Sven Christian, Renate Winkler, Iris Helfrich,

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Endosialin (Tem1) Is a Marker of Tumor-Associated Myofibroblasts and Tumor Vessel- Associated Mural Cells Sven Christian, Renate Winkler, Iris Helfrich, Anja M. Boos, Eva Besemfelder, Dirk Schadendorf, Hellmut G. Augustin The American Journal of Pathology Volume 172, Issue 2, Pages 486-494 (February 2008) DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070623 Copyright © 2008 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Analysis of endosialin expression in cultured cells. Different human primary cells were stained for endosialin. No endosialin expression was detectable in primary blood endothelial cells (A), lymphatic endothelial cells (B), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (C) or human umbilical artery endothelial cells (D). In contrast, fibroblasts (E), smooth muscle cells (F), pericytes (G), and mesenchymal stem cells (H) expressed endosialin. Western blot analysis using monoclonal antibody FB5 detected a 165-kDa protein in fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and mesenchymal stem cells but not in blood endothelial cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or human umbilical artery endothelial cells. Human actin was used as loading control (I). Expression of endosialin was confirmed by RT-PCR. TBP was used as loading control (J). The American Journal of Pathology 2008 172, 486-494DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2008.070623) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Endosialin expression in human tissues. Cryosections of human colon carcinomas were double stained using the monoclonal antibody FB5 and antibodies against SMA, podoplanin, LYVE-1, or CD31. Endosialin was found to be expressed by smooth muscle actin-positive vessel-like structures as well as in podoplanin/SMA-positive strands of fibroblasts. Endosialin did not colocalize with the lymphatic marker LYVE-1 or the blood endothelial marker CD31. The American Journal of Pathology 2008 172, 486-494DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2008.070623) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Expression of endosialin in normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of endosialin expression on different normal human tissues (small intestine, kidney, brain, colon, uterus, ovary, stomach, skin, prostate) revealed no or very weak expression of endosialin in normal tissues with the exceptions of prostate and of smooth muscle cells in the colon. Scale bars = 500 μm. The American Journal of Pathology 2008 172, 486-494DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2008.070623) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Endosialin expression in human tumors. The immunohistochemical analysis of human tumors [small intestine, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), melanoma metastasis to the brain, adenocarcinoma of the ovary] identified intense endosialin expression in the host-derived tumor stroma. Scale bars: 500 μm in the upper panels and 100 μm in the lower panels. The American Journal of Pathology 2008 172, 486-494DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2008.070623) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Endosialin expression during melanoma progression. The immunohistochemical analysis of human melanoma samples originating from primary tumors, lymph node, and distant skin metastases of different malignant stages (I to IV) using the monoclonal anti-endosialin antibody FB5 identified endosialin expression in vessel-associated mural cells (arrow) and stromal fibroblasts (arrowhead). Scale bars represent 500 μm and 100 μm, respectively. Endosialin expression was compared on the mRNA level by RT-PCR. Actin was used as loading control. The American Journal of Pathology 2008 172, 486-494DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2008.070623) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Cellular loss-of-function experiments by siRNA-mediated silencing of endosialin expression. MTT proliferation assay comparing endosialin-silenced and control siRNA-transfected fibroblasts revealed a pronounced reduction of cell proliferation after silencing of endosialin expression. The graphs show the mean value ± SD of three experiments; *P < 0.001 (A). Down-regulation of endosialin leads to a decrease in cell migration. Transwell migration assay comparing endosialin-silenced and control siRNA-transfected fibroblasts revealed a strong reduction in cell migration after down-regulation of endosialin. The graphs show the mean value ± SD of three independent experiments; *P < 0.001 (B). Robust down-regulation of endosialin protein expression after siRNA transfection was verified by Western blot analysis using monoclonal antibody FB5 and anti-actin as loading control. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was not changed as determined by zymography. Active forms of other matrix metalloproteinases were not detectable (C). The American Journal of Pathology 2008 172, 486-494DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2008.070623) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions