NOVEMBER 16, 2015 Finish Europe Video WWI & WWII notes HW: Maps due Thursday 11/19 Political Map Quiz 11/19

Causes of WWI M.A.I.N Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

M.A.I.N Militarism: the policy of glorifying military power Large military = power = national pride Railway Howitzer was generally naval surplus that had been salvaged and mounted on a railroad car.

M.A.I.N Alliances: an agreement between countries that states they will assist one another in a time of conflict

Triple Entente France, Great Britain and Soviet Union alliance Also known as Allied Powers USA will join in 1917 Identify each country by flag. Comment on Japan.

M.A.I.N Imperialism European countries politically and economically control colonies abroad Spurred competition Encouraged militarism Increased tensions

M.A.I.N Nationalism Unified nations Caused intense competition between nations Led to independence movements and conflict What does this poster translate? How does it illustrate nationalism?

The Powder Keg: The Balkans Area of intense conflict and nationalism Spark ignites on June 28, 1914 with assassination of Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Examine this. Who are the two charactures Examine this. Who are the two charactures? Break down the elements to help explain the war.

Russia declares war on Austria due to alliance with Serbia Archduke and his wife are killed by Serbian nationalists June 28, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia France declares war on Germany and Austria due to alliance with Russia Germany declares war on Russia due to alliance with Austria Germany declares war on France

Great Britain declares war on Germany due to alliance with France Countries in British Commonwealth join the war effort (Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and India) Great Britain declares war on Germany due to alliance with France Germans and Austrians fight off advancing Russians on the Eastern Front Germany invades Belgium and moves to attack France (Western Front)

War becomes “Total War” Countries devoted all their resources to the war effort Economy based on producing war supplies Women started working in the men’s jobs Rationing Propaganda Everyone was involved in the war effort, no longer limited to soldiers and the battlefields More soldiers had died during WW1 than all the wars of the past 300 years combined! Factories switched to producing goods for the war effort Women started working in the jobs previously held by men (who were now in battle) Citizens would ration goods in order to have more materials for war supplies Governments would censor news so that citizens would continue to support the war (propaganda)

green=allies Orange = central powers Gray= neutral

Conditions on the Front in WWI New Weapons Utilized Machine Guns Poison gas (Mustard Gas) Tanks Airplanes (Dog Fighting) Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land” Disease and influenza

War Comes to an End Armistice signed Fighting ends Nov. 11th at 11 am (11/11 @11am) Victory for Allies and defeat for Germany Led to peace talks in Paris starting in 1919 Signed in a railroad cart (Germans would make France sign an armistice in the same railcar during WW2) Last American killed was Henry Gunther, 1 minute before the armistice began Termination of military hostilities within six hours of signature. Immediate removal of all German troops from France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Alsace-Lorraine. Subsequent removal of all German troops from territory on the west side of the Rhine plus 30 km radius bridgeheads of the right side of the Rhine at the cities of Mainz, Koblenz, and Cologne with ensuing occupation by Allied and US troops. Removal of all German troops at the eastern front to German territory as it was on 1 August 1914. Renunciation of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Russia and of the Treaty of Bucharest with Romania. Internment of the German fleet. Surrender of material: 5,000 cannons, 25,000 machine guns, 3,000 minenwerfers, 1,700 airplanes, 5,000 locomotive engines, and 150,000 railcars.

Legacy of “The Great War” Extremely costly in both human lives and money End of Empires Infrastructure destroyed Treaty of Versailles 1919 Peace process sets the stage for WW2 Germany must pay for war

WWI lead to WWII? Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBI6ZzaP2Uk

Between the Wars Europe struggles to rebuild Great Depression Rise of Totalitarianism in Germany, Italy, and Japan Germany and Japan expand

Axis Powers 1940,Germany, Italy and Japan form an alliance known as the Axis Powers

Allied Powers Great Britain, France, USSR and later USA

The Yalta Conference Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met in February, 1945 in Yalta, Ukraine Discuss plans of dividing up Europe anticipating the defeat of Germany Germany was divided and most of Eastern Europe was controlled by the Soviet Union

Results of WWII Europe Japan Germany and Italy defeated Germany divided up between Allied powers Eastern Europe and East Germany now under USSR control Western Europe under democratic control Japan Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki All lands conquered returned to pre-war status Slowly recover thanks to Western democratic aid

Crash Course World History: WWII video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q78COTwT7nE