Anatomy Test Review

1 A boy jumps into a cold swimming pool and his body temperature goes down. His muscles, blood vessels, and nervous system work together to restore his body temperature. Which term best describes this process? A. homeostasis B. hypothermia C. reflex D. respiration

2 Examining a bone marrow sample could help a doctor diagnose problems with which of the following? A. sense of balance B. speed of reflexes C. production of blood cells D. filtering of wastes from blood

3 What is the primary role of the stomach in the human digestive system? A. producing specialized salts that absorb fats B. absorbing water and minerals from undigested food C. using muscle movements and enzymes to break down food D. transferring nutrients from digested food to the bloodstream

4 Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. Which of the following happens as a result of decreased liver function? A. Carbon dioxide builds up in the liver. B. Toxic compounds build up in the blood. C. The kidneys take over the functions of the liver. D. The stomach produces the enzymes needed for digestion

5 The digestive system of most birds includes a structure called the gizzard. The gizzard crushes and grinds food, often with the help of small stones that the bird has swallowed. Which of the following structures in the human digestive system has a function most similar to that of a bird’s gizzard? A. esophagus B. large intestine C. small intestine D. teeth

6 Which term describes the maintenance of a steady internal state in the body? A. gametogenesis B. homeostasis C. mitosis D. respiration

7 Crohn’s disease causes inflammation of the digestive tract, particularly the small intestine. Inflammation of the small intestine would directly interfere with which of the following digestive functions? A. liquefying food B. reabsorbing water C. absorbing nutrients D. moving food to the stomach

8 In which part of the human digestive system do both physical breakdown and chemical breakdown of food first begin? A. esophagus B. mouth C. large intestine D. small intestine

9 Joints are most important for which of the following functions of the human skeletal system? A. protection B. movement C. storage of minerals D. blood cell formation

10 A person who is cold shivers to generate body heat. Which of the following lists the primary body systems that interact to maintain homeostasis in this situation? A. nervous, excretory, and respiratory B. excretory, digestive, and respiratory C. digestive, muscular, and circulatory D. muscular, circulatory, and nervous

11 In which of the following ways does perspiring help the body to maintain homeostasis? A. by decreasing body temperature B. by increasing blood sugar levels C. by increasing the amount of fluid in the body D. by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in cells

12 Which of the following is a body system response that adjusts body temperature when it is higher than normal? A. Breathing rate begins to decrease. B. Blood vessels near the skin constrict. C. Sweat glands produce and secrete sweat. D. Hormones increase the metabolic rate of the liver.

13 Heartburn is pain that occurs when acidic gastric juice is forced out of the upper end of the stomach. In which of the following organs does a person experience heartburn? A. pancreas B. esophagus C. small intestine D. large intestine

14 What is the name of the connective tissue that joins skeletal muscle to bones? A. cartilage B. ligaments C. neurons D. tendons

15 A diagram of a body system is shown Which of the following is a primary function of this system? maintaining body temperature supporting the weight of the body filtering nitrogenous waste from the blood coordinating nervous responses in the body

16 Which of the following is a function of the liver? A. removing toxic compounds from the blood B. secreting digestive enzymes into the stomach C. producing white blood cells to fight infections D. converting food into smaller nutrient molecules

17 What is the primary function of the large intestine? A. to digest proteins B. to absorb nutrients C. to break down complex carbohydrates D. to remove water from waste

18 Which of the following is one of the functions of the human skeleton? A. producing hormones B. bringing gases into the body C. removing waste from the body D. providing a site for blood cell formation

19 Which of the following is the best example of an organism maintaining homeostasis? A. a wolf panting after a chase B. a spider catching an insect in a web C. a cricket becoming infected by a virus D. a mole digging tunnels in the ground

20 What is the primary role of the stomach in the human digestive system? producing specialized salts that absorb fats absorbing water and minerals from undigested food using muscle movements and enzymes to break down food transferring nutrients from digested food to the bloodstream

21 Which of the following statements describes the main purpose of digestion in the human body? Digestion adds phosphate groups that can yield energy when food reaches body cells. Digestion supplies oxygen and carbon atoms from food molecules for body cells. Digestion removes all bacteria and toxins. Digestion changes food molecules into smaller molecules that can pass into the blood and be used by body cells.

22 Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle Smooth Internal Cardiac Skeletal

23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Skeletal muscle is voluntary Cardiac muscle is involuntary Smooth and Cardiac muscles are voluntary Cardiac and Smooth muscles are involuntary

24. What is #1? Pancreas Gall bladder Appendix Salivary gland 1

25. What is #2? Pancreas Gall bladder Appendix Salivary gland 2

26. What is #3? Small Intestine Liver Large Intestine Rectum 3

27. What is #4? Small intestine Lung Stomach Liver 4

28. What is #5? Small intestine Lung Stomach Liver 5

29. What is #6? Esophagus Appendix Stomach Liver 6

30 Capillaries are part of which body system? A. skeletal system B. nervous system C. digestive system D. circulatory system

31 Which of the following is the basic structural unit of the nervous system? A. axon B. neuron C. red blood cell D. white blood cell

32. Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron? Interference Interneuron Sensory Motor

33 A dog gives birth to five puppies. What percentage of its chromosomes does each puppy share with the mother? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%

34 An EEG is a medical instrument that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. The brain’s electrical activity is directly caused by which of the following? A. production of ATP B. synthesis of hormones C. repair of damaged tissue D. transmission of nerve impulses

35 In the human respiratory system, the contraction and relaxation of a muscle called the diaphragm helps move air through which of the following structures? A. artery, capillary, and vein B. larynx, pharynx, and trachea C. atrium, trachea, and ventricle D. esophagus, kidney, and pharynx

36 In which of the following ways does the respiratory system help to maintain homeostasis during exercise? A. Reserves of oxygen are built up in the alveoli. B. The pharynx supplies glucose so that the muscles can produce ATP. C. Breathing rate is increased to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide more rapidly. D. The lungs release hemoglobin so that the blood can carry more oxygen to tissues.

37 Which of the following carries nerve impulses from pressure receptors in the skin to the central nervous system? A. capillary B. marrow C. motor neuron D. sensory neuron

38 Which component of blood is directly responsible for transporting oxygen to body cells? A. plasma B. platelets C. red blood cells D. white blood cells

39. Which of the following represents a path that a nerve impulse could travel in the nervous system? A. brain → motor neuron → spinal cord B. brain → sensory neuron → motor neuron C. sensory neuron → spinal cord → brain D. motor neuron → spinal cord → sensory neuron

40. Damage to neurons directly interferes with which of the following processes? A. delivery of glucose to cells B. filtering of wastes from blood C. transmission of nerve impulses D. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

41. The upper chambers of the heart are called _________ and the lower chambers are called __________ Ventricle, Atrium Atrium, Ventricle, Vena Cava, Aorta Vesicles, Aurea

42. What is the purpose of the Endocrine system? to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body collecting, transferring and processing information To remove waste from the body

43 Which of the following is a characteristic of human reproduction? the DNA of an egg cell is identical to the DNA of a sperm cell. Twin offspring are genetically identical to each of their parents. An egg cell and a sperm cell each contain 46 chromosomes in the nucleus. An offspring receives half its chromosomes from its mother and half from its father.

44 In sexual reproduction, what is the source of the genetic material in a zygote? A. an egg cell only B. a sperm cell only C. an egg cell and a sperm cell D. an egg cell and a polar body

45 Which of the following is a correct order in which air moves through the human respiratory system when a person inhales? A. nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs B. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs C. pharynx, bronchi, nose, larynx, trachea, lungs D. pharynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs

46 Shelly and Jason are siblings, but Shelly looks like their father while Jason looks like their mother. Which of the following statements best explains the difference in Shelly’s and Jason’s features? A. Shelly inherited a greater number of chromosomes from their father than Jason did. B. Shelly inherited a smaller number of X chromosomes from their mother than Jason did. C. Shelly and Jason had different mutations occur in the 46 chromosomes they inherited. D. Shelly and Jason inherited different combinations of 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23 chromosomes from their father.

47. The concentration of which gas is higher in exhaled air than in inhaled air? A. carbon dioxide B. helium C. nitrogen D. oxygen

48. Growth hormone, estrogen, and thyroxine are some hormones secreted by endocrine glands. What is the role of these hormones? A. to generate nerve impulses B. to regulate body functions C. to directly supply energy to cells D. to directly remove toxins from the body

49 Which of the following statements best explains why offspring produced by sexual reproduction often look similar to, but not exactly the same as, their parents? A. The offspring have genetic material from both the mother and the father. B. The cells of the offspring contain all the dominant genes from the parents. C. The cells of the offspring undergo mitosis many times as the offspring grow and develop. D. The offspring have a period of embryonic development, rather than being born immediately after fertilization.

50 Which of the following is a body system response that adjusts body temperature when it is higher than normal? A. Breathing rate begins to decrease. B. Blood vessels near the skin constrict. C. Sweat glands produce and secrete sweat. D. Hormones increase the metabolic rate of the liver.

51 Emphysema is a severe respiratory system disease. The disease causes damage that directly prevents the transfer of oxygen to the bloodstream. Which part of the respiratory system does emphysema damage? A. alveoli B. bronchi C. larynx D. trachea

52 Which of the following statements applies to all forms of sexual reproduction? A. All offspring from a mating look exactly the same. B. Offspring receive genetic material from two gametes. C. Offspring completely develop inside the mother’s body before birth. D. All offspring are born with their organs and senses fully developed.

53 Degenerative nerve diseases destroy nerve cells. These diseases can lead to paralysis by interfering with which of the following? A. transport of hormones that stimulate muscle cells B. production of ATP that is required by muscle cells C. transmission of electrochemical signals from the brain to muscle cells D. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between neurons and muscle cell

54 Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the kidneys and the liver to the circulatory system? A. The kidneys and the liver pump blood. B. The kidneys and the liver produce blood cells. C. The kidneys and the liver remove wastes from blood. D. The kidneys and the liver make blood-clotting proteins.

55 The nose serves all the following functions except A. providing an airway. B. moistening inhaled air. C. filtering dust and particles from inhaled air. D. transferring oxygen from the air directly to the bloodstream.

56 Which of the following statements best explains why oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood? A. The diaphragm draws oxygen into the alveoli at a rapid speed. B. Alveoli cells contain hemoglobin to transfer gases to the blood. C. The concentration of oxygen is greater in the alveoli than in the blood. D. Red blood cells move one at a time through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.

57. 1 What is #1? Bronchi Trachea Pharynx Alveoli

58. What is #2? Bronchi Bronchioles Pharynx Larynx 2

59. What is #3? Larynx Trachea Epiglottis Diaphragm 3

60. 4 What is #4? Bronchi Pharynx Larynx Esophagus

61. What is #1? Aorta Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Left Atrium 1

2 62. What is #2? Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Left Atrium 2

63. What is #3? Right Atrium Right Ventricle Vena Cava Left Atrium 3

64. 4 What is #4? Right Atrium Aorta Vena Cava Pulmonary Artery