Atoms! What is matter made of?.

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Presentation transcript:

Atoms! What is matter made of?

A Quick Pre-Test Answer these in your notes: What are atoms made of? What is the estimated size of atoms? Draw a picture of a simple atom on your paper.

From the beginning… Democritus, Greece 4th century BC, suggested the existence of the “atom”

John Dalton (1766-1844) English schoolteacher Created the atomic theory

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Elements are made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms can’t be subdivided, created, or destroyed. Atoms of different elements combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated or rearranged.

How small is an atom? Consider the following… A penny contains about 2.4 x 1022 atoms, while the world has about 7.6 x 109 people.

More tiny than atoms There are 3 subatomic particles: Electrons Protons Neutrons

Protons Positively charged subatomic particles Discovered in 1886 by Goldstein Charge = +1 Mass = 1amu (actual=1.67x10-24g)

Electrons Negatively charged subatomic particle Discovered by JJ Thomson in 1897 Millikan discovered the charge on an e- to be -1 Mass of an electron = 1/1840 of a proton (9.11x10-28g)

Atomic Nucleus Discovered by Rutherford (1911) Nucleus: dense central core of the atom that contains protons and neutrons

Neutrons Subatomic particles with no charge Discovered by Chadwick in 1932 Mass is equal to proton

In summary… PROTON ELECTRON NEUTRON CHARGE +1 -1 MASS 1 amu ~0 MASS 1 amu ~0 LOCATION nucleus Outside the nucleus Nucleus