Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding 8.3 Bonding Theories

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding 8.3 Bonding Theories 8.1 Molecular Compounds 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding 8.3 Bonding Theories 8.4 Polar Bonds and Molecules Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory VSEPR Theory VSEPR Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Explains 3 dimensional shape of molecules. States that repulsion between electron pairs causes molecular shapes to adjust so valence-electron pairs stay as far apart as possible. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

2 atoms bonded to central atom VSEPR Theory Linear 2 atoms bonded to central atom No unshared electron pairs on central atom. Double bonds joining oxygens to carbon are farthest apart when O=C=O bond angle is 180° Carbon dioxide (CO2) No unshared electron pairs on carbon 180° Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

2 atoms bonded to central atom 1 or 2 unshared electron pairs VSEPR Theory Bent 2 atoms bonded to central atom 1 or 2 unshared electron pairs With two unshared pairs repelling the bonding pairs, the bond angle is compressed to ~105° Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

3 atoms bonded to the central atom VSEPR Theory Trigonal Planar 3 atoms bonded to the central atom No unshared electron pairs. The measured bond angle is 120° Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

3 atoms bonded to the central atom VSEPR Theory Trigonal Pyramidal 3 atoms bonded to the central atom 1 unshared electron pair that strongly repels the bonding pairs, pushing the bonding electrons together. The measured bond angle is only 107° Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

4 atoms bonded to the central atom VSEPR Theory Tetrahedral 4 atoms bonded to the central atom No unshared electron pairs. All of the bond angles are 109.5° Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Here are some common molecular shapes. VSEPR Theory Here are some common molecular shapes. Linear Trigonal planar Bent Trigonal Pyramidal Tetrahedral bipyramidal Octahedral Square planar Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Shape Summary VSEPR Theory Molecular Shape Summary Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.