Describe the primary function of the four types of macromolecules Describe the basic molecular structure of the four types of macromolecules. Describe the primary function of the four types of macromolecules

MACROmolecules Objective: Compare and contrast the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four categories of macromolecules Essential Question: How can the four different macromolecules be distinguished or recognized?

Think-pair-share! What do the prefixes “macro” and “micro” mean? What is a polymer? What is a monomer? How can the prefixes help you decipher the terms?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WR0_gEEZ9I

What is your favorite food? What does it do for your body? Let’s find out!

Monomer and Polymers MACROmolecules are POLYMERS MONOMER is a small molecule that is a single subunit in a much larger molecule “MONO” = ONE POLYMERS are LARGE MOLECULES made of MONOMERS (SMALLER MOLECULES) BONDED together. “POLY” = MANY “MER” = molecules POLYMERIZATION POLYMERS MONOMERS

4 Macromolecules of Life Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids All four macromolecules are in living things. They are found in our food because our food comes form living things!! We need food to survive!

Most COMMON ELEMENTS in LIVING ORGANISMS All macromolecules are made up of a CARBON BASE. CARBON HYDROGEN EC NITROGEN Most COMMON ELEMENTS in LIVING ORGANISMS OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS SULFUR CHNOPS

Why is Carbon so unique? Each carbon is identical, they can easily bond with other carbon atoms and carbon bonds with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus form long chains or rings.

Macromolecules of Life: Carbohydrates Structure: composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Rings, 2 hydrogen to 1 carbon Functions: Provide fast energy Short-term energy storage Structural support in cell wall of plants

Macromolecules of Life: Carbohydrates Monomers of carbohydrates are Monosaccharides: simple sugars (glucose) Polysaccharides: complex sugars formed when simple sugars bond to form larger carbohydrates Include starches, cellulose, glycogen

What do you notice? SUGAR!!!!!! Various types: Lactose Fructose Glucose Galactose What do you notice?

Carbohydrates provide immediate energy Carbohydrates provide immediate energy. Example: running races or playing sports

Examples of Carbohydrates

Macromolecules of Life: Lipids Structure: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Chains Function: Provide long-term energy storage/ waterproof covering Phospholipids are main component of cell membrane Used to make hormones

Macromolecules of Life: Lipids Monomers: Triglyceride= Glycerol and three (3) fatty acids

Macromolecules of Life: Lipids Fatty Acids: chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms Saturated: contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms (all bonds between carbon are single bonds) Unsaturated: contain fewer hydrogen atoms due to presence of double bonds between carbon atoms

Examples of Lipids Examples: FATS, OILS, WAXES, STEROIDS (cholesterol)

Macromolecules of Life: Proteins Structure Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes sulfur - Form Polypeptide chains Function: Protein Shape determines the function Control reaction rates (enzymes) Regulate cell processes Transport substances in/out of cell Form and move bones/muscles

Macromolecules of Life: Proteins Monomer: amino acids 20 different amino acids combine to make proteins Proteins differ in number and order of amino acids

Why do we need proteins? Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones Without these particular structural proteins, we would look more like this….

What do you call a place of worship made out of amino acids? Examples of Proteins What do you call a place of worship made out of amino acids?   A cysteine chapel

Macromolecules of Life: Nucleic Acid Structure: Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus Double helix Function: Store and transmit genetic info

What washes up on beaches? Nucleic Acid Monomers called nucleotides Made of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen-containing molecules Two types: What washes up on beaches? Nucleotides DNA stores genetic information. RNA builds proteins.

Check for Understanding Identify the macromolecule that the picture represents A) Carbohydrate B) Protein C) Lipid D) Nucleic Acid

Check for Understanding Identify the polymer that the picture represents (write answer on whiteboard!) Nucleic Acid

Check for Understanding Identify the macromolecule that the picture represents: A) Lipids B) Carbohydrates C) Protein D) nucleic acid

Check for Understanding Identify the macromolecule that the picture represents Lipid

Check for Understanding Identify the MONOMER that the picture represents A) nucleotides B) fatty acid C) amino acid D) monosaccharide

Check for Understanding Identify the MONOMER that the picture represents (write answer on whiteboard!) Amino Acid (the monomer of proteins)

Check for Understanding Identify the polymer that the picture represents A) Carbohydrate B) Lipid C) Protein D) Nucleic Acid

Check for Understanding Identify the polymer that the picture represents (write answer on whiteboard!) Carbohydrate

Questions: Create three questions, one from each level that you can answer about your notes Write them down on the Right side of your notebook

Flip Book: Macromolecules Using the materials provided, make a flip-book on the left side summarizing the important concepts for each of the 4 macromolecules discussed.. C- level 2 voice H- use notes, textbook, and classmates before me A- complete flipbook for all four macromolecules M- remain seated in your assigned seat P- complete your own flipbook and glue to Left Page SUCCESS Once you finish write a 3-5 sentence summary of what your learned today on the right side of your notebook

Summarize Write 3-5 COMPLETE sentences summarizing what you learned today Write on the right side of your notebook

Clear your desk of everything but a writing utensil Exit Ticket Clear your desk of everything but a writing utensil

1. The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid 1. The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids? B A. lipids B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. nucleic acids

2. You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory 2. You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound? A. lipid B. protein C. carbohydrate D. nucleic acid C

3. Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what? A. cell membranes B. hormones C. lipids D. fatty acids C

4. RNA and DNA are which type of macromolecules? A. carbohydrate B. lipid C. nucleic acid D. protein C

5. A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. Protein D. nucleic acids D