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The Industrial Revolution 1700s-1800s+

Vocabulary Terms: Industry Steam Engine Textiles Factory Squalor

In A Nutshell *What is it? A change in the way we made stuff and the stuff we made. Even more, the rate at which we made that stuff. Industry: The business in the manufacturing or production of a good or service. A transition to more efficient manufacturing practices: Machines Coal Steam-Engine (machine that uses steam to create motion & energy) *Before the Industrial Revolution, societies were mostly farm-based. Only a handful produced specific goods (i.e. metalwork, clothing, tools).

Machines & inventions during the IR made work easier Machines & inventions during the IR made work easier. Less people needed to farm, so more became workers in factories, production & assembling buildings which concentrated in one general area. This lead to cities Less villages, more cities/towns Industrialization allowed for rapid technological and economical advancement, eventually allowing for many of the products we enjoy today (like cars and video games!)

A Blanket History of Ol’ Indie-Rev *The IR roughly began in Britain (~1760ish), jumpstarted by the textile industry (cloth & fabric). The invention of new spinning machines allowed for easier and faster textile production. This let Britain dominate the textile industry. Loom link! Textile machines used water to power them. To keep up with the growing industry, Steam Engines – using coal – were used to power them much more efficiently. These mostly replaced water-wheels or windmills. This chain-reacted into machines for other industries, many using steam engines to power them. These industrial innovations spread throughout much of the world, such as the rest of Europe, the U.S, and (later) Japan. If you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em!

Major Impact: Transportation The Industrial Revolution spurred the need for improved means of transportation. More stuff being made means more stuff needs to be shipped and moved around. Steam trains and ships was the answer. These allowed for vastly heavier loads to be carried, relying on steam power to move instead of wind or horses.

Society and Culture More food and technology = Standards of Living improved; Bigger life expectancy Huge increase in Population Strengthened middle class. More literacy This was indeed a revolution that brought with it many startling factors. Over time, society has had to adapt and address these factors, which were largely unprecedented. Many of these are still issues in some form or another today (china?)

Squalor (overcrowded and dirty, populated by neglected or poorly-paid people) Poor working conditions Child labor Pollution Resistance Luddites – Organization of former Textile-Craftsmen that were threatened by industrialization Lead to the growth of Capitalism in countries. In turn, lead to Socialism as a reaction (think Karl Marx) Improved military power, allowing for more devastating wars and more effective colonization against non-industrial areas (ex. African colonization) Meiji Restoration partly a reaction to this.

The Next Revolution? Robots!

Group Assignment Important: What you must write down on your paper: You are representatives in your “country’s” nation, debating over the issue of whether your nation should immediately industrialize or not. Get into groups of ~6. Divide the group into two ‘sides’: Pro-Industry and Anti-Industry Argue against the other side. Use information learned about industrial revolution. Important: What you must write down on your paper: Name of country (Make it up amongst yourselves) Your ‘Location’ factor and ‘X-factor’ (found on your index cards) The side you are on (Pro or Anti Industrialists) Form of Government (Democracy? Monarchy? Dictatorship?) Bullet point lists briefly describing the points both sides make/argue. Ex) – Other side claimed industry would make us richer. The outcome of the ‘debate’. Agreement, disagreement? War?

Industry: The business in the manufacturing or production of a good or service. Steam Engine: machine that uses steam to create motion & energy Textiles: Cloth and Fabric Factory: Production buildings. Squalor: Overcrowded and dirty, populated by neglected or poorly-paid people