The Industrial Revolution How It Changed the WORLD!

Pre-Industrialization

Pre-Industrialization People had made goods for THOUSANDS of years before the industrial revolution. A, Things were made SLOWLY. (low productivity) all BY HAND. WORKMEN handled all facets of production > different quality goods. Guilds created production STANDARDS, but prices were HIGH.

The Industrial Rev. Textiles, sewing

The Industrial Rev. What was the Industrial Revolution? Once the IR occurred a. Things made QUICKLY (high productivity), mostly by machine. b. Workmen handle one discrete task > same quality of mass produced ITEMS. c. FACTORIES made similar goods with same production standards; prices came down. Spatial distribution Work done at a FACTORY. GOODS sold near and fat. WORKERS paid by the hour. b. Industry was clustered in FEW places. Textiles, sewing

The Industrial Rev. Loom, spinning jenny, textiles

Great Britain

Great Britain Why did it begin in Great Britain? 1. CAPITALIST system. a. Guilds had created a middle class of workmen. People free to form businesses. Education Patent system encouraged development. 2. Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701) and other developments > improved productivity in farming > People could leave farms and work elsewhere.

Great Britain Plow / seeding

Great Britain Thames river, coking coal, royal family, colonies

Great Britain Raw materials IRON ORE, COAL Rivers, canals, harbors EASE IN TRADE Small, compact size IRON AND COAL NEAR RIVERS AND HARBORS 6. Existing banking system COULD BORROW $ TO BUY MACHINERY, Stable political system. Colonies GUARANTED MARKETS, ADDITIONAL RAW MATERIALS Thames river, coking coal, royal family, colonies

Key Developments Steam engine James Watt Adapts to iron industry Provides a steady supply of hot air for blast furnace Leads to ease in smelting iron and shaping it into pigs (common size) Other industries arise from iron industry.

Key Developments STEAM ENGINE adapts to iron industry (iron deposits in Midlands, S Scotland and S Wales.) Steam engine provides a stead supply of HOT AIR for blast furnace. > ease in (s)melting iron and shaping it into “PIGS.” James Watt patents the STEAM ENGINE 1769 WOOD replaces running water as source of energy. CHANGES location of machinery It was located by running water STREAMS AND RIVERS. Now it can be located wherever WOOD exists (more flexibility) Steam engine James Watt Adapts to iron industry Provides a steady supply of hot air for blast furnace Leads to ease in smelting iron and shaping it into pigs (common size) Other industries arise from iron industry.

Key Developments Pig iron Other industries arise from iron industry Wood become scarce, so coal --> coke and factories move to coal fields.

Key Developments Integrated factories where iron in smelted and processed into steel Need to transport coal and iron that means rail road

Key Developments Other industries arise from IRON industry. Wood becomes scarce > coal > COKE (factories move to coal fields) - INTERGATED factories where iron is smelted and processed into steel. Need to transport coal and iron > RAIL ROAD Integrated factories where iron in smelted and processed into steel Need to transport coal and iron that means rail road

Key Developments Textiles Steam engine adapts to textile industry - cotton fiber spun into thread (inefficient by hand - efficient by machine) Thread woven into cloth with power looms is large factories

Key Developments Steam engine adapts to TEXTILE industry. COTTON FIBER spun into thread (inefficient by hand; efficient by machine) THREAD woven into cloth with power looms in large factories. Textiles Steam engine adapts to textile industry - cotton fiber spun into thread (inefficient by hand - efficient by machine) Thread woven into cloth with power looms is large factories

Effects - economic Economic goods at lower prices

Effects - economic ECONOMIC: More goods at lower prices. Economic goods at lower prices

Effects - social City living Available labor leaves farms and clusters into cities.

Effects - social SOCIAL: Available labor leaves farms and clusters in cities. Urban blight > pollution Canned food (encourages a new industry) City living Available labor leaves farms and clusters into cities.

Effects – political Child labor

Effects – political 3. POLITICAL: Surplus labor > mistreated workers> liberalism and communism become more popular. Child labor

Effects – tech. Trains and steam ships

Effects – tech. 4. TECHNOLOGICAL Rail road and steam ship. Trains and steam ships

Effects – agriculture

Effects – agriculture AGRICULTURE: Second agricultural revolution. Increased productivity B. Use of machinery > larger farms > enclosures

Effects – demographic

Effects – demographic 6. DEMOGRAPHIC: Caused movement from stage 1 to stage 2 of DTM.

Early Diffusion

Early Diffusion EASTWARD to Belgium, France, and Germany (early 1800s; delay due to Napoleonic Wars. Further DIFFUSION to Italy, Netherlands, Russia, and Sweden by late 1800s. US not affected by political instability in Europe; Diffusion by early 1800s. 8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 > 80,000 by 1811. By Civil War, US was world’s 2nd largest power.