European Voyages of Discovery

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Presentation transcript:

European Voyages of Discovery Spanish, French, & Dutch Exploration

Spanish Explorations Led Europeans in exploration & conquest Wealth, National Glory, Catholicism Juan Ponce de Leon, 1513 Alavar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, 1528 Francisco Pizarro, 1532

Spain - Mexico Center of New Spain Mexico City (Tenochtitlan) Hernan Cortes, 1519 Marina/Malinche Smallpox Epidemic

Images of Effects of Smallpox Epidemic

Spanish Colonies Political Organization Social Organization Spanish born Governors Cooperation of Indian nobility Social Organization Elaborate Caste System Peninsulares Criollos Mestizos

Spanish Colonies - Economic Organization Encomienda & Hacienda African Slavery, 16th century

- Bartolome de las Casas “The Indians were totally deprived of their freedom and were put in the harshest, fiercest, most horrible servitude and captivity which no one who has not seen it can understand. Even beasts enjoy more freedom when they are allowed to graze in the fields.” - Bartolome de las Casas Consequences: Spanish “Black Legend”

Spanish Colonies - Religious Organization Missionaries among first explorers Conversion & Establishment of Missions Indigenous relationship with Missions “The object of the whole of the Californian or missionary system being the conversion of the Indians and the training of them up…There can be no doubt that some of these means of obtaining converts go far beyond the bounds of legitimate persuasion.”

Spanish Colonies - Religious Organization Texas & California, Missions & Military Outposts

Spanish Colonies - Religious Organization

Pueblo Indian Revolt, 1680 Santa Fe, New Mexico Led by Popé Religious origins Violence against people Destruction of religious property

French & Dutch Explorations Exploration as a commercial venture Dependency on Indians

France Samuel de Champlain, 1608 Fur Trade Algonquin Alliance Exploration of Mississippi Valley Differences from other Europeans

Netherlands Henry Hudson, 1609 Iroquois Alliance Dutch West India Trading Co. Pride in Freedoms

European Voyages of Discovery Key terms: San Agustin, Cabeza de Vaca, Marina, Mestizo, “Black Legend”, Virgin de Guadalupe, Popé, Quebec, New Amsterdam

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