Chapter 2: Exploration and Expansion 1400-1700

Section 1: Voyages of Discovery Foundations of Exploration Renaissance – spirit of discovery and innovation inspired voyages (Age of Exploration) Motives: no middlemen Wealth Spices, silk, perfume, and jade Fame and Glory Spread Faith Introduce new populations to Christian teachings Curiosity Writers by Medieval travel like Marco Polo ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The
 people
 are
 Idolaters;
 and
 since
 they
 were
 conquered
 by
 the
 Great
 Kaan
 they
 use
 paper‑money.
 [Both
 men
 and
 women
 are
 fair
 and
 comely,
 and
 for
 the
 most
 part
 clothe
 themselves
in
silk,
so
vast
is
the
supply
of
that
material,
both
from
the
whole
district
of
Kinsay, and
from
the
imports
by
traders
from
other
provinces.]
And
you
must
know
that
they
eat
every
 kind
 of
 flesh,
 even
 that
 of
 dogs
 and
 other
 unclean
 beasts,
 which
 nothing
 would
 induce
 a
 Christian
to
eat.

Advances in technology compass (shows North direction) astrolabe (calculate locations based on position of sun and stars) shipbuilding lower in water, larger cargo holds caravel light, fast sailing ship steered from rear (rudder) triangular sails (lateen sails) equipped w/ weapons – cannons Larger cargo hold makes it stable at sea http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_demos_the_13th_century_astrolabe?language=en Start at 3:18

Explorers from Portugal Portugal and Spain shared Iberian Peninsula started Euro. Exploration Iberian peninsula map Portugal 1st country Begun by Prince Henry – Henry the Navigator patron, supporter established court for explorers islands in Atlantic and West African Coast gold and slaves (Eventually took slaves from West Africa, but did not originally explore the coast seeking them) main goal – water route –around Africa to India for spices Bartolomeu Dias – Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama – reached India established trading centers/networks

The Spanish 1492 financed Columbus Amerigo Vespucci concluded not Asia Thought he could sail west to China predicted earth’s size wrong did not know about Americas arrived in San Salvador, thought India, called them Indians returned with parrots, jewels, gold, plants, natives (Christianity) four voyages Amerigo Vespucci concluded not Asia Vasco Nunez de Balboa – Isthmus of Panama – 1st to see Pacific Ferdinand Magellan – 1st to circumnavigate 5 ships, 250  18 returned

Explorers from the Rest of Europe English, French, Dutch follow English – New England – U.S. 1497 John Cabot – two voyages – claimed New England for the English, but did not return from second voyage. Sir Francis Drake – southern tip of S.A., California, around the top but bad weather sent him west (2nd to circumnavigate) Henry Hudson (English born) – hoped to find NE passage French – New France - Canada Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence River Dutch Henry Hudson – Hudson River (New York today), Hudson Bay