How nutrients become you Chapter 3

What are the similarities and differences between a car and a person? A person requires: Fluid: Water Energy Source: Carbohydrates, fat, and protein Maintenance: vitamin and minerals A car requires: Fluid: Water, coolants Energy Source: fuel Maintenance: lubricants

What nutrients does an apple provide? Why would an unlimited supply of this one food source not sustain life?

The Six Nutrient Groups There are 6 nutrients your body needs Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water Each nutrient has a specific job to perform in the body Each nutrient is vital to good health. Without an adequate supply of each, your risk of various health problems increases

The Chemistry of Nutrition Elements are the simplest substances from which all matter is formed Matter is anything that takes up space and has a measurable quantity An atom is the smallest part of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction A molecule is the smallest amount of a substance that has all the characteristics of the substance. Consists of two or more atoms that are bonded together When atoms of different elements are bonded together a compound is formed Five of the basic nutrient groups--carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins– are compounds. Minerals are elements. There are at least 25 chemical elements involved in health and nutrition. Can you identify them?

Answers Those found in vitamins, water, and energy-yielding nutrients: Hydrogen (H) Carbon( C) Nitrogen (N) Oxygen (O) Major Minerals: Sodium (Na) Magnesium (Mg) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur (S) Chlorine (Cl) Potassium (K) Calcium (Ca) Trace Minerals Fluorine (F) Chromium (Cr) Manganese (Mn) Iron (Fe) Copper (Cu) Zinc (Zn Selenium (Se) Molybdenum (Mo) Iodine (I)

Functions of Nutrients Essential nutrients from food are used to: Build and repair tissues Regulate all body processes Provide energy When your body is performing all these functions in harmony, your potential for optimum wellness increases

The Energy Value of Food The energy value of food is measured in units called kilocalories, also called calories. A kilocalorie is the amount of heat needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius. Only 3 of the 6 nutrients provide energy: Carbohydrates, fat, and protein Carbs and fat are your body’s main source of energy Proteins may also be used but your body prefers to save it for other vital functions Vitamins, minerals, and water help regulate the release of energy from the other nutrients If just one nutrient is missing in the diet, energy release will be hindered.

Determining Energy Values Carbohydrates: 4 calories of energy Protein: 4 calories of energy Fat: 9 calories of energy Water, vitamin, and minerals do not provide energy, therefore they have no calorie content. How to Determine Energy Values of Food (activity)

Digestion Your body cannot use food directly to perform vital life functions Instead, the body must break down food to obtain nutrients needed for growth, repair, maintenance, and energy Digestion is the process by which your body breaks down food, and the nutrients in food, into simpler substances.

Absorption of Nutrients & Metabolism Absorption is the passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into the circulatory or lymphatic system Most nutrients pass through the wall of the small intestine Once nutrients are absorbed, the circulatory system takes over All the chemical changes that occur as cells produce energy and materials needed to sustain life are known as metabolism During metabolism cells make some compounds to use as energy and some to store for later use Waste produced from cell metabolism leaves the body through urine, breathing, and perspiration

Factors Affecting Digestion & Absorption Eating Habits Not eating enough Diet lacks variety Eating too much too quickly Eating large portions Consuming contaminated foods Make-up of a meal (fats take longest to digest while carbs and protein digest quicker) Emotions Fear, anger, tension, stress, anxiety can lead to digestive issues Make a point to reduce stress and tension while eating to avoid digestive issues

Factors Affecting Digestion & Absorption Food Allergies and Intolerances Allergies are a reaction of your body’s immune system to certain proteins found in food (such as peanuts, eggs, soybeans, shellfish) Intolerances do not cause an immune system response but still cause an unpleasant reaction to certain foods (such as dairy products for people who are lactose intolerant) Physical Activity Helps aid in digestion by helping food move through the GI tract Builds healthy muscles and organs

Digestive Disorders Most people experience digestive disorders from time to time Although medications are available, they aren’t always needed To avoid problems, focus on eating a nutritious diet including fiber from fresh fruits and vegetables and whole grain products. It is important that we recognize when our bodies aren’t functioning properly and understand what to do Common digestive issues include: Diarrhea Constipation Indigestion Heartburn Ulcer Gallstones Diverticulosis

What could be wrong? Each team will be given a common digestive issue. As a group, come up with a short story about someone suffering from this condition. Make sure you explain they developed the issue. DO NOT say the word in your story. We will trade stories and practice identifying digestive disorders and how to tend to them