Louise Livesey Academic Skills Adviser How to Improve Your Written Work Using Marker Feedback: Using Sources and Developing Your Argument This workshop will... Introduce the two types of sources and the process of choosing sources Provide a basic overview of how to use quotations, paraphrases and summaries in your written work Explain what a reasoned argument is and how to develop one Louise Livesey Academic Skills Adviser 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice The Plan… Reasons for using sources Categories and types of sources Choosing which source to use Basics of quoting, paraphrasing and summarising What a reasoned argument is Taking a position 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Feedback: Your reading for this assignment was limited 1.Reasons for using sources Feedback: Your reading for this assignment was limited What tutors want you to use… sources to obtain a depth of knowledge and not just those on the reading list different types of sources a wide range of sources sources to support your arguments 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 2.Categories and types of sources Primary sources Secondary sources   This is evidence that comes directly from the people involved in the event or phenomenon in question. This includes material produced about the event or phenomenon, including the commentary or interpretation of others. and Activity 1: Primary and secondary sources 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 3.Choosing which source to use 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 4.Basics of quoting, paraphrasing and summarising Quotations: use when… the specific words are crucial to your point you make a very specific point you analyse or challenge the view expressed you need strong support/authority adding impact to an introduction/ conclusion 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 4.Basics of quoting, paraphrasing and summarising Paraphrasing: use when… the wording of the source is less important than the meaning of the source you change the organization of ideas for emphasis simplifying complex arguments, sentences, or vocabulary. clarifying technical passages or specialized information 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 4.Basics of quoting, paraphrasing and summarising Summarising: use when… the wording of the source is less important than the meaning of the source providing a brief overview of a text condensing the material omitting extra information from the source material to focus on the author’s main point/s simplifying complex arguments, sentences, or vocabulary. 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 4.Basics of quoting, paraphrasing and summarising Quotation example: According to Roger Sipher, a solution to the perceived crisis of American education is to ‘abolish compulsory-attendance laws and allow only those who are committed to getting an education to attend’ (1997: 31). Using smart pen highlight Sipher, quotation marks and (31) as defining features 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 4.Basics of quoting, paraphrasing and summarising Paraphrasing: ‘Schools should be for education. At present, they are only tangentially so. They have attempted to serve an all-encompassing social function, trying to be all things to all people. In the process they have failed miserably at what they were originally formed to accomplish’ (Sipher 1977: 32) Answer: Roger Sipher concludes his essay by insisting that schools have not been able to fulfil their primary duty of education because they try to fill multiple social functions. Click for answer 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 4.Basics of quoting, paraphrasing and summarising Activity 2: Summarising Answer: Roger Sipher makes his case for getting rid of compulsory-attendance laws in primary and secondary schools with six arguments. These fall into three groups—first that education is for those who want to learn and by including those that don't want to learn, everyone suffers. Second, that grades would be reflective of effort and elementary school teachers wouldn't feel compelled to pass failing students. Third, that schools would both save money and save face with the elimination of compulsory-attendance laws. CLIck for answer 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 5. What a reasoned argument is Feedback: ‘your work is more descriptive than critical’ ‘there is not enough depth’ ‘you need more analysis’ ‘you’ve included too much description’ ‘you did not apply much critical thinking; need to use more critical analysis or thinking’ Click do not panic do not panic 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 5. What a reasoned argument is Process stage Example Claim claim Manchester United has won more Premiership football titles and so is the best Premiership football team ever Manchester United has the most successful football league manager ever in the history of football and so is the best league football team ever Manchester United has won more domestic and European cups than any other football team and so is the best European cup winning club ever Argument Manchester United is the best team to have played football ever Reasoned argument Manchester United is the best team ever to have played football (my dad et al) 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 5. What a reasoned argument is Engaging analytical thinking by   looking at something (whether tangible or conceptual) before you start your reading for your initial impressions breaking it down into its constituent parts using analytical thinking of close observation Employing critical thinking by asking questions of the origins of ideas, the assumptions behind the ideas, and the applicability of the ideas evidencing your conclusions and findings from this questioning process. keeping an open mind about the application of this knowledge to address a problem or answer a question 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 6. Taking a position 6 different ways of responding to any argument, theory, practice or concept. You can: • Agree with it • Reject or disagree with it • Concede it has merits but needs qualifying • Propose a new opinion • Reconcile seemingly different (opposite?) stances • Connect or synthesise to develop a new approach 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice 6. Taking a position ‘Manchester United is the best team ever to have played football’ Agree: Indeed, Manchester United are the best (evidence) Reject: Disagree, other teams have done well in other areas (evidence) Concede: Yes they are the best or the top in a number of areas but consider, x,x,x (evidence) Propose: Liverpool are the best team (evidence) Reconcile: ? Synthesise: ? 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice References Sipher, R. (1977) So that nobody has to go to school if they don't want to. The New York Times. 19.12.1977. 31. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/03/ Accessed 18 September 2014.   University of Houston-Victoria. (2014) Decide when to quote, paraphrase & summarize. Victoria, University of Houston-Victoria. http://www.uhv.edu/StudentSuccessCenter/style/quote.aspx Accessed 14 August 2014. Van den Brink-Budgen, R. (2010) Critical thinking for students. 4th Ed. Oxford, How To Books Ltd. 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice Service Where are we? Chesham Building B0.23. Give us a call or come speak to us Monday-Thursday 10am-12pm and 1pm-4pm Who am I? Louise, the dedicated workshop adviser. Who can help me with study and writing skills? Lucy and Russell run Instant Study Skills Advice sessions Monday-Thursday and Writing Skills Clinics twice a week. You can also access self-help resources on our webpage. Who can give me maths advice? Helen and Michael specialise in Maths support for students though clinics and pre-booked appointments. How do I get in touch? Email: academic-skills@brad.ac.uk Telephone: 01274 236849 http://www.brad.ac.uk/academic-skills/induction/ 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

Academic Skills Advice Any questions? 17/09/2018 Academic Skills Advice

International Student Barometer (ISB) Launches Monday 26 October 2015 Eligible students have been sent an email with a survey link from International-office@bradford.ac.uk ISB helps the University to: understand the international student experience; make improvements for you as students and; understand what we are doing well. But! We need students to fill out the survey: more students = better data = better experience You could win an iPad Mini 2 or a year’s gym membership with Unique Fitness for filling it out.