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Introductory research skills GS 140 2012 Jan 31 Chun Jia Li – Instructor Liz Dobson - Librarian Introductory research skills GS 140

On Library homepage… Guides to help you with your assignments

Library help with writing your paper and citing your sources in APA…

Documenting your sources APA style (American Psychological Association rules)

Your work (essay, letter, report, pamphlet, etc Your work (essay, letter, report, pamphlet, etc.) normally includes 3 types of material… Your ideas Your summaries of others’ ideas and facts Quotations from your sources (MLA Handbook, 2009)

Your use of others’ ideas and words… “Researchers do not claim the words and ideas of another as their own; they give credit where credit is due.” Source: APA Ethics Code Standard 8.11, Plagiarism. (2010). In Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA, p.15). “ “So let us be loving, hopeful and optimistic. And we’ll change the world.” - Jack Layton (2011)

Why give credit to others whose work you use? . Why give credit to others whose work you use?

Why acknowledge your sources? You demonstrate that you, the writer, are a genuine researcher who has done the considerable work of investigating authorities on your topic. You acknowledge your indebtedness to others. You add weight to your statements & arguments by citing authorities that support you views. You enable your readers to pursue the topic further, &/or evaluate your use of others’ work. - Canadian Writers Handbook. 4th ed., p. 77

When you don’t acknowledge your sources… Plagiarism

From: Centennial College Academic Honesty and Plagiarism Policy

Examples of in-text citations in APA style

Example of quotation fewer than 40 words (See rule in APA Manual, p Interpreting these results, Roberts (2003) suggested that “the information gathered in this study cannot predict an outcome with certainty” (p. 540), thus lending real doubt regarding the future.

Example of quotation 40 or more words (See rule in APA Manual, p Example of quotation 40 or more words (See rule in APA Manual, p. 171) (Rule is to use double spacing: single spacing is used here for presentation purposes only.) Others have contradicted this view: Co-presence does not ensure intimate interaction among all group members. Consider large –scale social gatherings in which hundreds or thousands of people gather in a location to perform a ritual or celebrate an event. In these instance, participants are able to see the visible manifestation of the group, the physical gathering, yet their ability to make direct, intimate connections with those around them is limited by the sheer magnitude of the assembly. (Purcell, 1997, pp. 111-112)

APA Style References References (list) -Footnotes/Endnotes - a direct connection to in-text citations

“References …listed alphabetically at the end of your paper. Each reference you cite in-text must appear in the References list, and each entry in the References list must be cited in-text. (APA Manual, p. 174)

When might you NOT have to cite? (When in doubt, cite it.) As a general rule, you should cite all ideas, facts and quotations from others that you use in your work. When might you NOT have to cite? (When in doubt, cite it.)

APA Guide on Library website

Most library databases provide APA help… Print, email, or save (Email option here displayed)

Topics for research Social networking Impact of the media

[word doc] Express your topic in the form of a research question. This expresses a specific point of interest about the topic. Then identify the main concepts in your question.

[Word doc] Be prepared to search using a variety of keywords & phrases – Language is rich. People often use different terminology for the same concept Note use of the * This is a wildcard that tells the search engine to look for all words that start with the same letters.

“Peer reviewed” articles Also called “refereed” or “academic” or “scholarly” Well researched, authoritative work Often write-ups of original research done – with literature reviews, statistics, findings, etc. A committee of scholars must approve quality before the editor publishes Most databases allow you to limit to peer reviewed if you want 44 44 44 44 44

Example of a scholarly (peer reviewed) journal article – write-up of original research done… Note: in-text citations

Example of a scholarly (peer reviewed) journal article – Note: References at end of article which provide full publication info for citations made in the essay above …

Example of a scholarly (peer reviewed) journal article – Note: it includes near the beginning a literature review, a description of published knowledge to date about the research topic …

Example of a non-scholarly article in a business journal – Not documented, not peer reviewed Not a write-up of original research

Example of a non-scholarly article in a business journal – no References list at the end of the article

If you have a lot of search terms and/or want more options for limiting your searches, search DIRECTLY in databases (“E-Resources”)

Libraries offer about 100 licensed databases containing journal & newspaper articles, eBooks, eEncyclopedias, etc.. Become familiar with the choices on this page!

Select “E-Resources by Subject …

Search for full text journal & newspaper articles in Academic Search Premier database

You can limit search to Scholarly (Peer Reviewed) Journals

Direct database searching allows you many choices for limiting/refining your searches: field limits, publication type, date, peer review, full text, etc.

Collect articles you want to use….”Add to Folder”…

When you have collected all the articles you want, “Go to Folder”…

Print, email, or save (Email option here displayed)

Library help with writing your paper and citing your sources in APA…

A sampling of places to look for information Internet…

Search the Internet for websites…

Use Google Advanced Search for more search options…

How media literate are you?

Results – page 1

Results – page 2

Is this a reliable website?

Websites , articles in databases, books (etc.) Statistics

Statistics Canada website on the Internet

E-STAT – a Libraries database Contains statistics – some that is not available for free on the Statistics Canada website on the Internet.