OPEN SPACE FUNCTIONS (from IUCN) Regulation functions Maintenance of biogeochemical cycling (e.g, air quality. CO2) Climate regulation (e.g., buffering extremes) Water regulation (flood protection) Water supply (filtering and storage) Soil retention (erosion control) Soil formation & maintenance of fertility Bio-energy function Nutrient cycling (availability of nutrients) Waste treatment(e.g., water purification) Biological control (e.g., pest control and pollination)

OPEN SPACE FUNCTIONS (from IUCN) Habitat functions: Providing refugia to wild plants & animals & indigenous populations to maintain genetic diversity Refugium function( for resident & migratory species) Nursery function (reproduction habitat for harvestable species)

OPEN SPACE FUNCTIONS (from IUCN) Production Functions Food (e.g., edible plants & animals) Raw materials (e.g. thatch, fabrics) Fuel and energy (renewable energy resources) Fodder and fertilizer (e.g., krill, litter, etc.) Medicinal resources (e.g., drugs, models, test organisms) Genetic resources (e.g., for crop resistance) Ornamental resources (e.g., aquarium fish, souvenirs)

OPEN SPACE FUNCTIONS (from IUCN) Information Functions; Providing opportunities for reflection, spiritual enrichment & cognitive development Aesthetic information (e.g, valued scenery) Recreation and nature tourism Cultural and artistic inspiration(i.e., nature as a motive & source of inspiration for human culture and art) Spiritual and historic information (based on ethical considerations & heritage values) Scientific educational information (i.e., nature as a natural field laboratory and reference area)

OPEN SPACE FUNCTIONS (from Fabos) Biodiversity = habitat Water quality & quantity Recreation & tourism = economic activity Structuring development Historic & heritage values Aesthetic & psychological well being