Identify the following as either: Warm-Up (2/16) Identify the following as either: Economic Social Political The US passed an embargo restricting trade with Cuba. Practicing your religion is restricted in Cuba.

Latin American Political Geography An overview with 4 case studies TEKS: 2, 13B, 14B, 14C,

Casta System Peninsulares- Spanish/Portugese born citizens (born on “the Peninsula”). Creoles- Spaniards born the colonies-resented power of the peninsulares. Mestizos- mixed decent (European/Native) I would have them draw the chart

What Caused Discontent in Latin America? 3 What Caused Discontent in Latin America? Revolutionary ideas spread from America & Europe (French Revolution) Discontent was rooted in the social, racial, and political system that had emerged during 300 years of Spanish rule.

North America South America Africa Europe Mapping History

Independent Nations of Latin America About 1844 3

The Economics of Dependence 4 The Economics of Dependence Under colonial rule, mercantilist policies made Latin America economically dependent on Spain and Portugal. After independence, this pattern changed very little. The region remained as economically dependent as before. Economic dependence occurs when less-developed nations export raw materials and commodities to industrial nations and import manufactured goods, capital, and technological know-how. The relationship is unequal because the more developed — and wealthier nation — can control prices and terms of trade.

Cycle of Revolutions Revolution Dictator

Let’s look at one example…Haiti

Haiti was colonized by both the Spanish and French, and therefore speak both languages.

Haitian History Achieved independence from the French in 1804 Constant shifting in government caused unrest and slowed development

Haiti was divided into two groups: I. Government II Haiti was divided into two groups: I. Government II. The Elite (many different groups) These groups will exchange power multiple times from 1804-1915.

An unfinished revolution? French control Elite control Women were an integral part of fighting for the revolution, but how were they rewarded? Continued patriarchy. Natives, mestizos were an integral part of fighting for the revolution, but how were they rewarded? Continued classism and racism. New hat, same system: Patriarchy Racism Poverty

The United States controlled Haiti from 1915-1934 The United States controlled Haiti from 1915-1934. Peace lasted until 1986, when the government was overthrown once more.

Current Issues in Haiti Natural disasters Hurricanes and earthquakes common Disease AIDS epidemic A series of dictatorships, has stunted prosperity and growth Little to no economic development.

Unlike Cubans, Haitians do not have refugee status in the US. Most Haitian families do not have access to safe drinking water. Dried mud cookies= eat to survive. Unlike Cubans, Haitians do not have refugee status in the US. http://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse?cuecard=62612 Deplorable conditions

Haiti Independence January 1, 1804 Form of government republic Constitution Yes Leader President Michel MARTELLY GDP Per Capita $1,200 (2012 est.) Poverty (% of pop. below national poverty line) 78% IMR 50.92 deaths/1,000 live births Literacy 48.7% Life Expectancy 62.85 years All data retrieved from the CIA World Factbook on 02/24/2014: Haiti is a free market economy that enjoys the advantages of low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population are among Haiti's most serious impediments to economic growth. Haiti's economy suffered a severe setback in January 2010 when a 7.0 magnitude earthquake destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty, the earthquake further inflicted $7.8 billion in damage and caused the country's GDP to contract 5.4% in 2010. In 2011, the Haitian economy had begun recovering slowly from the effects of the earthquake. However, two hurricanes adversely affected agricultural output and the slow public capital spending negatively affected the economic recovery in 2012. GDP growth for 2012 was 2.8%, down from 5.6% in 2011. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, and remain vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by the country's widespread deforestation. US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Preference Agreement (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement (HOPE II) Act helped increase apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. Congress voted in 2010 to extend the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020 under the Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act; the apparel sector accounts for about 90% of Haitian exports and nearly one-twentieth of GDP. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equaling 20% of GDP and representing more than five times the earnings from exports in 2012. Haiti suffers from a lack of investment, partly because of weak infrastructure such as access to electricity. In 2005, Haiti paid its arrears to the World Bank, paving the way for reengagement with the Bank. Haiti received debt forgiveness for over $1 billion through the Highly-Indebted Poor Country initiative in mid-2009. The remainder of its outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to nearly $1 billion. The government relies on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over half of its annual budget coming from outside sources. The MARTELLY administration in 2011 launched a campaign aimed at drawing foreign investment into Haiti as a means for sustainable development. To that end, the MARTELLY government in 2012 created a Commission for Commercial Code Reform, effected reforms to the justice sector, and inaugurated the Caracol industrial park in Haiti's north coast.