Review: Key Points The French were the first Europeans to establish permanent settlements in the lands that became Canada. First Nations played a crucial role in enabling European exploration of North America.

“Savages” In Champlain’s diaries, on 3 different occasions he refers to the First Nations as “Savages” – why does he do that? Why is the definition given 3 times (one on each page)?

Review: Samuel de Champlain France waited many years after Jacques Cartier before they sent another explorer. The French were continuing to fish off the coast of Newfoundland because this area was rich in cod and other fish. In 1603, the French sent Samuel de Champlain to retrace Cartier's steps and explore the St. Lawrence. In 1608, Champlain starts the first French settlement in Quebec where Stadacona once stood. No one is really sure what happened to the people of Stadacona but all they really know is that 70 years after Cariter had travelled there, nothing of Hochelaga or Stadacona remained. Right now in partners, read Champlain's diary on p.56-59

Champlain and Maps Samuel de Champlain was a very talented mapmaker for his time. Examine the map on p. 61. Was he fairly accurate in his depiction of Quebec and Ontario? How is the way we make maps today different than the way we made maps in the past? Using our map at the back of the class and compare the map that Champlain drew on p. 61 and compare it with our modern maps. Is he fairly accurate? What part of his map is inaccurate? Why do you think this is the case? Why would it have been so difficult to create a map back in Champlain's era?

Perspectives on Judging the Past Read the 4 speakers’ perspectives on: Should we apply the values of our own time to people in history? Gives us an opportunity to see how historians might assess the actions of people of the past Through this, we are imagining yourself in those different roles, giving respect to other’s opinions and noticing how varying opinions can pertain and relate to their own experiences/personal feelings

Four Corners: Debate! Which of the speakers’ opinions do you most agree with? Why? Defend your opinion using examples from Cartier and Champlain’s journals

Explorers that Contributed to Canada's Identity:

John Franklin British explorer, wanted to explore the Arctic Read the lyrics and listen along to the song

Martin Frobisher He was a British Explorer that explored the Arctic. He left for the Arctic with many trade goods that were destined for Asia. Frobisher found iron pyrite and returned to Britain thinking he had found gold. Iron pyrite is also known as "fools gold" and he mined thousands of tonnes of fools gold but found no gold.

Pierre Gaultier de La Verendrye: He was a French explorer who took control over French forts in the Great Lakes region. Where is the Great Lakes region in Canada? Why do you think there was so many trade forts in this area? He travelled West and established forts in the plains in order to increase trade with the aboriginals.

Rene-de La Salle: Was the first French explorer to sail down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. He hoped to conquer Mexico and even mapped the mouth of the Mississippi West of its actual location. It was a disaster and Rene was eventually shot by his crew when they rebelled.

Create jot notes for the other explorers on p. 61-65 Read p. 61-65 - Create jot notes for the missing explorers that are not on this page After everyone has done that individually, we will add to the following slides together

Henry Hudson British explorer Trying to find the Northwest passage to Asia Trapped in ice in Hudson Bay Crew was starving and had scurvy – crew rebelled (abandoned Hudson, his son and others on a small boat) Hudson died and son was adopted by Woodland Cree

Matonabbee and Samuel Hearne Hearne was a British explorer Travelled for two years Looked for passage to Asia, endured many hardships and survived Matonabbee was the Native guide for Hearne Hearne was a fur trader Depended on the First Nations to provide them with provisions and transportation

Alexander Mackenzie British explorer Reached west coast, travelled across land, trying to get to Pacific ocean but found the Arctic Ocean instead, river named after him First European to reach West Coast

Questions P. 65 Respond #1-2

Positive and Negative Impacts Impacts on First Nations and on Europeans

“CSI Meets History” History Happens – Explorer Mystery Solved P. 66-67 How do we know that this isn’t a real newspaper?

Questions on p. 67 Put the following in order: Searchers find graves on Beechey Island Franklin set sail Searchers find crews’ notes and skeletons on King William Island Beattie collects samples from the body of John Torrington on Beechey Island Franklin’s crew leaves notes about their situation at King William Island Beattie collects samples from skeletons on King William Island John Torrington dies Franklin’s ships become trapped in ice at King William Island

Final Project French Explorers English Explorers Verrazano Cabot (also known as Caboto) Cartier Frobisher Champlain Hudson Marquette and Jolliet Hearne De La Salle MacKenzie La Verendrye Thompson Franklin