TRUST:Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technologies Facilities and Infrastructure: Wireless Embedded Networks NSF STC Review September 6, 2004

Secure Information Networks Critical Application: Sensor Networks Permanent large-scale embedded systems for securing critical infrastructure Rapid deployment systems for disaster prevention and mitigation Strong need for information security Testbed : Collaborative development at Berkeley and Cornell for development of integrated, secure systems Platform technologies Networking technologies Operating systems Software Tools NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

The Systems Challenge: Bridging the Technology/Application Gap Monitoring & Managing Spaces and Things applications service network system architecture data mgmt Store Comm. uRobots actuate MEMS sensing Proc Power technology Miniature, low-power connections to the physical world NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

Platform Technologies: UCB Mote UCB Mote Evolution NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

Platform Technologies: CU SNAP Asynchronous Processor Clockless logic Spurious signal transitions (wasted power) eliminated Hardware only active if it is used for the computation MIPS: high-performance 24pJ/ins and 28 MIPS @ 0.6V Processor Bus Year E/op Ops/sec Atmel 8 200? 1-4 nJ 4 MIPS StrongARM 32 1.9 nJ 130 MIPS MiniMIPS 1998 2.3 nJ* 22 MIPS Amulet3i 2000 1.6 nJ* 80 MIPS 80C51 (P) 1 nJ** Lutonium 2003 43 pJ SNAP 16 24 pJ 28 MIPS NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

Network Management Technologies Self-Configuring Networks Game-theoretic approaches to rapid deployment, maintenance Novel MAC protocols Incorporation of mobile access points Opportunistic multiple access Novel Reachback Strategies Information-theoretic context Collaborative data transmission NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

Operating Systems Tiny OS Magnet OS Large, active open source community: 500 research groups worldwide OEP for DARPA Network Embedded Systems Technology Thousands of active implementations - impact of security innovation will be extremely high Magnet OS Provide a unifying single-system image abstraction Converts applications into distributed components that communicate over a network transparent component migration Power-efficient NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

Berkeley Resources Focused on development and testing network stack, protocols and distributed algorithms. 77 nodes on Soda Hall, 150 nodes in Intel Lab Any nodes can serve as internet gateway Ethernet (POE) back-channel instrumentation network NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

CU Resources: Focus on Algorithms and Mobility NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

Cornell Testbed Configuration NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

Real-World Deployment Redwood microclimate 150 nodes x 6 weeks Great Duck Island 150 nodes x 4 months 100 node NEST UGV pursuit dot mag ultrasound acoustic main mag sense power battery reflector pursuer evader battery mote Leach’s Storm Petrel 150 nodes 4 months ~2 ft NSF STC Review September 17, 2018

Driving Collaborative System Research Node design tradeoffs Mechanical – expose sensors, while protecting the electronics Power utilization: communication vs. computation and sleep strategies Behavior of collections of nodes What are common failure modes? What factors impact the the functionality and performance of the sensor network? Network architecture Energy constrained sensor communications and networking Effective use of Mobile Access Points Long-distance management Long-term deployments In-Network data processing Detection, estimation, imaging in large random sampled sensor field NSF STC Review September 17, 2018