Virus Mobil Cards Write the definition of the following terms on 3 mobil cards: Capsid Bacteriophage Vaccine Explain how viruses reproduce on the card. Explain 3 examples of viral diseases.

BACTERIA!

Review Questions Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Multicellular or Unicellular? Do they have a cell wall? How many kingdoms are there for types of bacteria? What are the two types of bacteria? What domains are these two types of bacteria part of? Yes! 2! Eubacteria and Archabacteria Bacteria and Archea

ARE BACTERIA LIVING? YES!

Divided into two kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Heterotroph or autotroph (most use chemosynthesis). Chemosythesis is when organisms make energy from chemical reactions.

The Six Kingdom System: Archaebacteria Include prokaryotes without membrane bound nuclei Live in extreme environments without Oxygen Microscopic Unicellular Cell Walls Autotrophs or Heterotrophs Oldest fossils are 3.5 Billion years old

The Six Kingdom System: Eubacteria Are prokaryotes that have very strong cell walls Microscopic Unicellular Heterotrophs & Autotrophs Live in most habitats except extremes where archaebacteria live. Some cause disease, most are harmless and/or helpful. Archaebacteria and eubacteria together are called monera and make up the most amount of biodiversity in the world.

Bacteria and archaea Similar but different SIMILARITIES: Small Single celled Cell wall Plasma membrane DIFFERENCES: Living environments Shapes

Bacterial Shapes Bacilli: rod shaped Cocci: spherical Spirilla: spiral, corkscrew

Structure of a Bacteria Cell membrane Cell wall DNA Ribosomes http://www.ou.edu/class/pheidole/General%20Bacteria.jpg

Bacteria Growth and Reproduction http://porpax.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/gene/sf9x3box.jpg Bacteria reproduce in two main ways: Binary fission – when bacterium doubles in size, it copies its DNA and divides, producing two identical cells. Conjugation – a hollow bridge forms between 2 bacteria and genes are transferred from one cell to the other (genetic diversity) http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/69091a.jpg

Bacteria Reproduction: Binary Fission When a bacteria grows so that it has doubled in size, it replicates its DNA and divides in half Is this sexual or asexual? Identical or different daughter cells? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9DNWcqxI4

Bacteria Reproduction: Conjugation Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.

Gram staining differentiates types of Eubacteria. Eubacteria have peptidoglycan and certain lipids in their cells walls that are not present in Archaebacteria. Gram staining differentiates types of Eubacteria. Thick cell walls absorb more of the dye and appear dark purple (Gram positive). Thin cell walls absorb less of the dye and appear pink (Gram negative). http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/jaedike_alic/grainpositive.jpg http://www.asm.org/Division/c/photo/gc1.JPG

We’re not all bad! Bacteria are most widely known for causing diseases such as strep throat, tetanus, meningitis, and tuberculosis. However, most bacteria are very useful: Many are important decomposers in our ecosystem. Rhizobium provides plants with nitrogen. A few bacteria are used to clean up small oil spills in the ocean.

Antibiotics Antibiotics block the growth and reproduction of bacteria Used to treat bacterial infections Bacteria can evolve to become resistant to antibiotics

Common Bacteria Strains Streptococcus Staphylococcus Escherichia coli (E. Coli) Meningococcus

Bacteria Facebook Page You will be given a fact sheet with a type of bacteria and your task will be to create a facebook page for it You must include: 5 statuses about your specific bacteria from your fact sheet 5 statuses on anything you learned about all bacteria from the notes today Draw or cut and paste at least 3 pictures of your bacteria Write at least 4 other types of bacteria that you are “friends” with