Review PowerPoint For each topic, there is a key image to understand, and the essential idea and question to be able to answer. Key terms in each of the titles are underlined and colored.

Topic 1 – Cell Biology

Topic 1.1 - Essential idea: The evolution of multicellular organisms allowed cell specialization and cell replacement. Essential Question – What makes liver cells different from heart cells? How does the body replace specialized cells? Topic 1.2 - Essential idea: Eukaryotes have a much more complex cell structure than prokaryotes. Essential Question – Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Topic 1.3 - Essential idea: The structure of biological membranes makes them fluid and dynamic Essential Question – Draw and label the plasma membrane. Describe the characteristics of the membrane that contribute to it being fluid and dynamic.

Topic 1.4 - Essential idea: Membranes control the composition of cells by active and passive transport Essential Question – Explain how membrane proteins contribute to controlling the concentration of solutes. Topic 1.5 - Essential idea: There is an unbroken chain of life from the first cells on Earth to all cells in organisms alive today Essential Question – Describe the contributions of Louis Pasteur and Miller/Urey to the understanding of the development of life. Topic 1.6 - Essential idea: Cell division is essential but must be controlled. Essential Question – Outline the actions of the cell during each phase. Describe the contributions of cyclins and other proteins to the control of the cell cycle.

Topic 2 – Molecular Biology

Topic 2.1 - Essential idea: Living organisms control their composition by a complex web of chemical reactions. Essential Questions – Distinguish between Anabolism and Catabolism. Describe the process of creation of a polymer through condensation. Topic 2.2 - Essential idea: Water is the medium of life. Essential Questions – Define polarity. Describe how polarity gives water its cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties. Topic 2.3 - Essential idea: Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are used to supply and store energy. Essential Questions – State one example of a monomer, dimer, and polymer of each of the following: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins Distinguish unsat- and saturated fatty acids

Topic 2.4 - Essential idea: Proteins have a very wide range of functions in living organisms. Essential Question – Outline the structure of proteins. Give one example of how structure and function are related in proteins. Topic 2.5 - Essential idea: Enzymes control the metabolism of the cell. Essential Question – Explain how enzymes can remain unchanged while catalyzing a reaction. Describe the factors that affect enzyme activity. Topic 2.6 - Essential idea: The structure of DNA allows efficient storage of genetic information. Essential Question – Draw and label a sequence of two base pairs of DNA. Explain the structures within DNA and RNA that carry information.

Topic 2.7 - Essential idea: Genetic information in DNA can be accurately copied and can be translated to make the proteins needed by the cell. Essential Questions – Describe how complementary base pairing allows DNA to be replicated accurately. Essential Questions – Describe the relevance of complementary base pairing to transcription. Outline transcription. Describe the factors that control when transcription takes place. Essential Questions – Describe the relevance of complementary base pairing to translation. Outline translation. Explain the relationship between codon, anticodon, and amino acid.