Cells Test Study Guide Answers

What is the smallest unit of life? -Cell 2. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? -All living things are made of one or more cells -Cell is the basic unit of life -All cells come from pre-existing cells 3. Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. -Plant: cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole, regular rectangular shape -Animal: no cell wall, no chloroplast, small/no vacuole, irregular circular shape -Both: cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane bound organelles 4. Give an example of a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell. -E: plant, animal, fungi -P: bacterium

5. What is an organelle? -structure within the cell that performs a specific function 6. Give the function of the following organelles: a. Nucleus-stores genetic information; controls the cell’s activities b. mitochondria- produces the cell’s energy; active cells have lots of mitochondria c. chloroplast- contains green pigment; associated with photosynthesis d. lysosome- digests and gets ride of waste e. vacuole- large space in which water, waste, and nutrients are stored f. ribosome- site of protein synthesis (makes protein)

g. Endoplasmic reticulum- transports materials from one part of the cell to the other h. golgi apparatus- packaging and distribution center of the cell i. cilia- hair like particles that move the cell; packed in tight rows j. flagella- tail like structure that moves the cell; (tail on a sperm) k. cell membrane- controls/regulates what enters and leaves the cell l. nuclear membrane- double membrane surrounding the nucleus m. cell wall- protects and supports plant cells; freely permeable n. cytoplasm-jelly-like fluid in the cell; site of chemical reactions

7. What is the difference between smooth and rough ER 7. What is the difference between smooth and rough ER? -smooth: no ribosomes on surface; transports materials with in the cell -rough: ribosomes on surface; transports materials out of cell 8. What is the relationship between a cell and plasma membrane in comparison to the relationship between a nucleus and nuclear membrane? -cell: plasma membrane :: nucleus : nuclear membrane 9. Identify the parts of the cell in the following diagram. -1) ER 2) nucleus 3) mitochondria 4) cell membrane 5) Golgi body

10. Which organelle contains a green pigment and is used in photosynthesis in plant cells: -chloroplast 11. What is the organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex? -cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms 12. Describe similarities and differences between animal, plant, and fungus cells. -see Venn Diagram 13. What is diffusion? -Movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration 14. The dispersal of food coloring in a beaker of water is an example of what? -diffusion 15. What are the characteristics of facilitated diffusion? -requires carrier protein, no energy required, involves change of shape in carrier protein

16. What is the difference between passive and active transport? -passive: no energy required; goes down the concentration gradient (highlow) -active: requires energy; goes against the concentration gradient (lowhigh) 17. What are the types of active transport? Endocytosis- large molecules are brought into the cell -Exocytosis- large molecules are taken out of the cell 18. Explain the process of osmosis? -the movement of water from high water concentration to low water concentratrion 19. Explain the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis. -Endocytosis- moves large molecules into the cell -Exocytosis- moves large molecules out of the cell

20. Explain what would happen to a blood cell placed in a Hypotonic solution- it would swell Hypertonic solution- it would shrink Isotonic solution- it would stay the same 21. Give an example of passive transport. -simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis 22. Which organelle maintains the cell’s homeostasis, or stable internal environment? -plasma (cell) membrane 23. What is the major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport? -facilitated diffusion- no energy required (HighLow) -active transport- requires energy (LowHigh)

24. What does selectively permeable mean 24. What does selectively permeable mean? -it regulates or controls what enters and leaves the cell 25. Why would grocery stores spray their vegetables with water? -to keep them in a hypotonic state (big and crunchy 26. What are viruses? - They lack cellular organization and cannot independently carry out all of the essential functions 27. Are they considered living or non-living and why? -non-living 28. How do viruses reproduce and can they do this on their own? -reproduce only in living things; they cannot do it on their own 29. How do fungi obtain energy? -by absorbing digested nutrients 30. What role in the ecosystem do fungi play? -decomposers

Some things to remember to study 4 Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and 1 similarity Be able to describe the types of active transport Compare and contrast plant cells, animal cells, and fungus cells Be able to explain osmosis Look back over biochemistry (10 questions from biochemistry test) Test: 60 MC questions 5 short answer questions