Structures and Function Cells Structures and Function

Nucleus Controls the activities of the cell and holds the DNA The "brain" of the cell

Cytoplasm Gel-like substance in which most of the cell's life processes take place

Vacuoles Storage for food, water, and other materials Plant cells has one large one All animal cells don’t contain

Chromosomes Contain complex genetic information that directs all the cell's activities Located in the nucleus

Plasma Membrane Outer covering of the cell Regulates what enters or leaves the cell

Mitochondria Supplies the energy that the cell needs Release energy from the nutrients taken up in the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): transports proteins from one part of cell to another. Rough ER (with ribosomes) Smooth ER (no ribosomes)

Ribosome Make proteins Located on the endoplasmic reticulum or Free within the cytoplasm of the cell

Lysosomes Storage containers that hold enzymes Break down larger food molecules into smaller ones

Golgi Bodies Areas for storage/ packaging of chemicals Pinched off ER Like a flattened balloon

Microtubules Long, slender tubes that hold the cells more rigid Support the cell and maintains its shape

Spindle Fibers Microtubules that appear during cell division Guide chromosomes through the cytoplasm

Centrioles Exist in pairs and perform a function only during cell division Appear only in animal cells.

Cilia Short, threadlike projections Locomotion Moving substances along surface of the cell

Flagella Long hairlike projection Usually just one or two per cell Aid in the locomotion of unicellular organisms

Plant cells also have three additional organelles that animal cells don’t have

Cell Wall Rigid wall that supports and protects the cell Located outside the cell membrane

Chloroplasts Plastid that stores chlorophyll Make own food by converting light energy into chemical energy

Plastids Storage containers that hold food or pigment

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Questions Quiz Wednesday with Page 14 in your notebook!