Transfer of data in ICT systems Current and emerging technologies

Starter In pairs: How is data transferred?

Local Area Network (LAN) A group of computers or devices that share a common communication line or wireless link Connected devices share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographical area e.g. Within an office The server has applications and data storage that are shared by multiple computer users

A simple LAN connection... Cable connection

LAN Continued... A LAN may serve as few as two or three users e.g. A home network May serve thousands of users e.g. Multi- campus college or university The main communication technologies associated with LANs are Ethernet Token Ring FDDI

Activity Draw a diagram of an LAN and label it with all the features. Conduct internet research to further develop your understanding and to add more labels.

Ethernet Uses coaxial cable or twisted pair wires Most commonly called 10BASE-T Provides transmission speeds of up to 10Mbps (Megabits per second) Faster systems are 100BASE-T These provide 100Mbps transfer speeds Gigabit and 10Gigabit systems emerging.

Token Ring Computers connected in a ring or star topology Use a bit or token passing scheme to prevent the collision of data between two computers that want to send messages at the same time The IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Technology transfers data at either 4 or 16Mbps

Fibre Distributed Data Interface FDDI transfers data on fibre optic lines in a LAN Can extend to a range of 124 miles Is large geographically and can support thousands of users Often used for wide area networks (WAN).

Activity 2 Write a paragraph each for ethernet, token ring and Fibre, to explain what they are, their main uses and their main features.

Wide Area Network (WAN) WANs cover a large geographical area Organisations can have their own private WAN They allow access to customers or suppliers The Internet is an example of a WAN

A simple WAN connection… Telephone line connection Workstation in London Workstation in Birmingham

Activity 3 Draw a diagram of an WAN and label it with all the features. Conduct internet research to further develop your understanding and to add more labels.

Internet In the 1980s it became widely possible to use telephone lines to connect to the Internet Speeds started at 56Kbps Speeds increased to 128Kbps in 1990s due to Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Internet Continued… Computers fitted with 10BASE-T Ethernet cards offer speeds of up to 1.5Mbps Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) and further versions (ADSL, HDSL and RADSL) offer speeds of up to 6.1Mbps Speed will depend on the traffic on the system.

Broadband Where bandwidth of transmission is wider Allows more data to be passed at a time Multiple pieces of data can be sent simultaneously Required for new types of data transfer e.g video streaming

Wireless Networking Any network that does not use wires Use electromagnetic waves A wireless LAN uses radio waves for data transmission Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) enables mobile phones to send and receive data and connect to other networks e.g. Internet This is referred to as Wi-Fi

Voice-over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Emerged more recently Routes voice transmissions over the Internet or other IP-enabled network Organisations who use VoIP no longer have a separate telephone bill They use the existing network connection that they already use for traditional data transfer.

Activity 4 How are the following used to transfer data, explain in detail: -The internet -Wireless Networking -VoIP