Low Cost Fundus Camera Sub-systems Review

Project Background A fundus camera is used to photograph the retina to provide information about a patient's eye. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication associated with diabetes, eventually leading to blindness. Most people will only see a specialist after damage to the retina has occurred Used exclusively in an Opthamologist's office With proper care, patients with retinopathy can reduce their risk of blindness by 95%. Typically very expensive and heavy [Ask audience about having any corrective lenses] We are project 16590, the Low Cost Fundus Camera and I am Casey Petzel, the EDGE lead. A fundus camera is typically a medical imaging device to used diagnose diabetic retinopathy, a disease that can cause blindness if not caught early enough. This poses a problem because symptoms are typically noticed after the retina is damaged then where a patient would see an Ophthalmologist. These devices are normally stationary, heavy and mydriadic, a chemical dilation of the eye; something that many people like to stray away from. After looking at current commercial products and taking aim at the goals of our customer, we have developed what we would like to correct for our fundus camera.

Problem Statement Due to the need for pupil dilation, specialized camera equipment, staff, and facilities, diabetic patients often do not receive regular screenings. By creating a low-cost, portable, and easy to use fundus camera, screening for retinopathy in diabetic patients can be performed by a general practitioner. Our goal is to create a light, portable and affordable Fundus camera to be used by a General Practitioner, or trained individual. It is important that this does not use chemicals to dilate the retina. This camera would screen the patient for retinopathy, and should anything look peculiar, the screener would recommend going to an ophthalmologist for an official diagnosis.

Functional Decomposition Image Eye Save Picture Stabilize Attach Camera Alignment IR Set Up Mount Capture Image Rest Face

Concept Generation - Selection Criteria Low Cost Safe Portable Easy to Use Secure Quality Achievable within our MSD time frame

Concept Selection Process - Puegh Table

What is the best option for a camera? Feasibility Analysis Our question: What is the best option for a camera? Considerations: Cost Built-in display for GUI Availability of IR in camera Quality of image Need for/compatible illumination solutions Lens attachments Ability to mount camera solution (fatigue, wear, machining necessary) Ease of acquisition

ODROID-XU4

ODROID-XU4

ODROID-XU4

ODROID-XU4 Processor Memory Audio USB3.0 Host USB2.0 Host Display Samsung Exynos5422 ARM® Cortex™-A15 Quad 2.0GHz/Cortex™-A7 Quad 1.4GHz Memory 2Gbyte LPDDR3 RAM PoP (750Mhz, 12GB/s memory bandwidth, 2x32bit bus) Audio HDMI Digital audio output. Optional SPDIF optical output (USB module) USB3.0 Host SuperSpeed USB standard A type connector x 2 port USB2.0 Host HighSpeed USB standard A type connector x 1 port Display HDMI 1.4a with a Type-A connector Storage (Optional) eMMC module socket : eMMC 5.0 Flash Storage (up to 64GByte) MicroSD Card Slot (up to 64GByte) Power 5V 4A Power Size 82 x 58 x 22 mm approx. (weight: 60gram including cooling fan approx. 38gram without cooler)

ODROID-XU4 Benchmarks (CPU/ RAM) Benchmarks Score Raspberry Pi 2 ODROID-C1 ODROID-U3 ODROID-XU4 Dhrystone-2 1006.6 1262.8 2300.7 3994.1 Double-Precision Whetstone (x3) 1076.1 1318.8 2217.9 3074.7 Nbench 2.2.3 Integer (x40) 840.0 1208.0 1648.0 2451.1 Nbench 2.2.3 FP (x100) 809.0 1050.0 1860.0 2536.9 SysBench CPU (1/T * 50000) 669.3 902.2 1497.0 2891.8 Memory BandWidth (mbw 100: MiB/s) 557.1 1069.6 736.6 3243.8

ODROID-XU4 Benchmarks (CPU/ RAM) Cont.

See3cam_CU40 Camera Takes images and video in both IR and visible light. Sensor details: OV4682 RGB IR 4MP USB 3.0 10 pin GPIO header Interchangeable/Removal Lens 5V Vin

See3cam_CU40 Camera

OV4682 RGB IR 4MP – 2688 x 1520 Contains RGB and IR pixels Pixel Size: 2µm x 2µm 5440 x 3072 µm 10-bit RAW data output

OV4682 RGB IR

OV4682 RGB IR

HDMI Screen Previous screen’s ribbon ripped Cheap (<$50) Sufficient resolution

HDMI Screen Active drivers Simple solution

Resistive Touch Screen Cheaper Pressure based Allows covers Allows gloves Decreased Contrast Low Sensitivity

Illumination Fiber optic lighting? Very expensive

Illumination Currently have board containing LED and IRED lighting Infrared lighting required to align camera with pupil avoiding dilation Axial lighting

Illumination FDA regulations Beam standards developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission Maximum exposure must be below the accepted threshold limits set out in ISO 15004-2:2007 ISO = International Organization for Standardization

Optical System Magnification to focus on the iris for alignment Additional magnification to capture RGB image of the retina 20- diopter lens to achieve required field of view of retina Correct level of magnification to reach retina Located axially with eye, along with IR/RGB camera and equivalent illumination source

The App Android - Lollipop 6.0 or KitKat 5.3? Programming Language - Java! Software Design Process - Next Phase Software Requirements - Per-Class, Per-Core Function How it will work

The App Alignment Image Capture IR Control RGB Control Alignment Assist Illumination Control GUI File Manipulation Workflow File Control Feedback Settings

Mechanical Systems Face Mount Assembly 2D position adjustment system Vertical position adjustment system Component Housing

Face Mount Assembly

Face Mount Assembly Similar design but alternative adjustment method Complexity Ease of use Cost Material? Consider… Durability Potential Problems?

Compression Clamp or Screw Assem.

2D Position Adjustment Potential Problems?

Vertical Position Adjustment

Component Housing

3 Week Schedule Task Assigned To Due Date Go over design review notes, create new action items if necessary Team 10/22/2015 Email FDA about specific requirements Kelly 10/23/2015 Discuss purchase orders with Susan 10/27/2015 Design concept mechanical systems in AutoCAD Ryan/Matt 10/30/2015 Prototype optical solutions 11/3/2015 Begin working on software Cecelia 11/10/2015 Begin assembling with new components TBD Update EDGE with all new materials Casey 11/18/2015 Detailed design review presentation completed 12/7/2015